Batoul Raf’at; Seyed Komail Tayyebi
Volume 10, Issue 36 , April 2010, , Pages 41-58
Abstract
This study examines the relationships between FDI flows and trade to Iran. Theoretically, FDI and international trade can be substitute or complementary. Within the early theories of foreign direct investment and multinational firms, FDI and foreign trade were considered to be substitute. New international ...
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This study examines the relationships between FDI flows and trade to Iran. Theoretically, FDI and international trade can be substitute or complementary. Within the early theories of foreign direct investment and multinational firms, FDI and foreign trade were considered to be substitute. New international trade theories emphasize, the complementary relationship between FDI and foreign trade .This is the result of introducing new aspects in the models like increasing returns to scale, product differentiation and technology-differences among nations. We study empirically the impact of foreign trade on foreign direct investment (FDI), using data on inward FDI to Iran from 1973 through 2006.
We find that foreign trade can encourage FDI and also FDI can increase trade. On the other hand, results show that there is a complementary relationship between trade and FDI. Beside trade, GDP, Exchange rate and some economic variables are affected by FDI.
Karim Emami; Azadeh Mehrabian
Volume 10, Issue 36 , April 2010, , Pages 59-86
Abstract
One of the most important economic challenges that every economy of the world is facing is how to reach to a sustained growth in the long run. The aim of this research is to survey about the effects of business cycle volatility on economic growth in Iran from 1340 to 1387. Some of the variables used ...
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One of the most important economic challenges that every economy of the world is facing is how to reach to a sustained growth in the long run. The aim of this research is to survey about the effects of business cycle volatility on economic growth in Iran from 1340 to 1387. Some of the variables used in this research were growth of gross national product, volatility of business cycles, inflation, inflation uncertainty and the index of financial depth. In this survey, at first the volatility of business cycles and inflation uncertainty were computed by generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscdasticity model. Then we estimated the effects of volatility cycles in the long run for economic growth by using co-integration test and vector erorr correction Model. The results of this estimation show that the business cycle volatility causes a decrease in the long run economic growth. The reason is that the volatiity of economic production causes uncertainty in production and then as a result of that a decreas in investment and long run economic growth.
Nasser Khiabani; Jamshid Pajuyan; Akbar Komeyjani
Volume 10, Issue 36 , April 2010, , Pages 87-113
Abstract
This paper is based on a cointegrated I(2) and I(1) variables models money, price, output, real effective exchange rate and interest rates in Iran over period 1990 quarter 1-2006 quarter 4. The empirical findings demonstrated long-run homogeneity between price and money was broken down and the hypothesis ...
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This paper is based on a cointegrated I(2) and I(1) variables models money, price, output, real effective exchange rate and interest rates in Iran over period 1990 quarter 1-2006 quarter 4. The empirical findings demonstrated long-run homogeneity between price and money was broken down and the hypothesis of the stable money demand relationship was not confirmed in the period, instead of this we found a relation which determines inflation based on liquidity ratio and real effective exchange rate. Money supply growth significantly explains output growth in the period. In addition, the paper provides further insights about the effects of financial repression on output and determining the behavior of opportunity cost of money in Iran.
Hassan Eyd Mohammadzadeh; Javad Rezaee; Marjan Faghih Nasiri; Mohammad Reza Tavakoli Baghdad Abad
Volume 10, Issue 36 , April 2010, , Pages 115-135
Abstract
In this paper, we have evaluated the efficieny of selected countries in the field of knowledge economics by using mathematical programming model. Currently, for efficiency evaluation two methods are being used: 1) Parametric method 2) Nonparametric method.
In this paper, we are using the ...
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In this paper, we have evaluated the efficieny of selected countries in the field of knowledge economics by using mathematical programming model. Currently, for efficiency evaluation two methods are being used: 1) Parametric method 2) Nonparametric method.
In this paper, we are using the Nonparametric method that is based on mathematical programming model to categorize Iran and selected countries according to knowledge economics efficiency. The main advantage of data development analysis in comparison with other methods (for efficiency evaluation) is its evaluating units that have several inputs and outputs.
In this paper, according to output and input during 2005, we evaluated the efficiency of knowledge economics according to two assumptions constant return to scale and diminishing return to scale.
The resoult of this research shows that according to the first assumption; Turkey, Bahrain, Jordan, Syria and Kuwait have the most efficiency in comparison with Azarbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Tajikistan and United Arab Emirates. and the efficiency average based on this assumption is 72.9 percent. According to the second assumption; Azarbaijan and Uzbakestan join to the efficient countries and their efficiency average base on this assumption is %75.
Finally, according to the resoults of this research (if we consider Turkey as a pattern), efficient countries must increase their efficiency by following Turkey’s performance.
Teymour Mohammadi; Reza Teleblou
Volume 10, Issue 36 , April 2010, , Pages 137-170
Abstract
In this paper, we study inflation dynamics and then examine the relation of inflation and inflation uncertainty. At first, for filtering of predictable term of inflation series, we used time series model. In this way, some test like ADF, PP, KPSS were also used.
The results show that integration ...
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In this paper, we study inflation dynamics and then examine the relation of inflation and inflation uncertainty. At first, for filtering of predictable term of inflation series, we used time series model. In this way, some test like ADF, PP, KPSS were also used.
The results show that integration of inflation series is neither one nor zero. Then we examine the hypothesis of fractional integration that means long memory of inflation. With applying ARFIMA model, we show that inflation has fractional integration with degree of 0.4 that is implying that Iran’s inflation has long memory and then every shock to this variable remain long run.
In the next stage, we used ARFIMA residual for test GARCH model then that was used as inflation uncertainty. With granger causality test we find that the causality between inflation and uncertainty is bilateral.
Masoumeh Rajabi Tanha; Gholam Hossein Abdollahzadeh
Volume 10, Issue 36 , April 2010, , Pages 171-199
Abstract
Identifying various aspects of the inequality among provinces is the first process in creating a regional balancing program through which regional development goals would be obtained by untilization of limited production resources. The imbalance in agricultural development process has caused an expanding ...
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Identifying various aspects of the inequality among provinces is the first process in creating a regional balancing program through which regional development goals would be obtained by untilization of limited production resources. The imbalance in agricultural development process has caused an expanding gap of productivity level among all provinces. This paper tries to develop and demonstrate a combined set of models (Mamlquist Index using Data Envelopment Analysis with non-convex frontier) to get regional development decision processes by introducing only one real province as the reference province.
The main objective of the present paper is to measure and describe barley productivity and regional trend and inequality in Iran to optimize and utilize resources in agricultural development plan. So based on research goals we formulated agricultural productivity indexes and data was collected from the statistics and information, affiliated to the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad during two perieds. Research method is nonparametric
with Mamlquist Index based on Data Envelopment Analysis to analyze regional differences total factor productivity growth rate and its elements among province. The result revealed that, there is an enormous inequality among provinces. Although less developed province indicated better performance than developed provinces in this regard. Howeer, to decrease the inequality among the provinces as a whole we need to have a real change in agricultural policies in the distribution of agricultural facilities such as machinery equipment land and resources as well as agricultural infrastr nature (Water Energy; transportation etc…).
Esmaiel Abounoori; Arash Khoshkar; Pedram Davoudi
Volume 10, Issue 36 , April 2010, , Pages 201-222
Abstract
Economic inequality in Iran is affected by the existing within inequality and among all provinces in the country as a whole. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the Theil inequality index inequality within and among all provinces including urban and rural regions.
In doing so, ...
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Economic inequality in Iran is affected by the existing within inequality and among all provinces in the country as a whole. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the Theil inequality index inequality within and among all provinces including urban and rural regions.
In doing so, the micro 2007 household data is used. The results show that the share of the urban and rural inequality within provinces is 8% and 11%, respectively. Therefore, inequality between provinces has not considerable effect on the inequality as a whole. According to these results one may suggest to the macro province policy maker to concentrate on inequality reduction just within the provinces.
Darush Farid; Mohammad Hassan Zare; Habib Zare; Alireza Rajabipour Meybodi
Volume 10, Issue 36 , April 2010, , Pages 309-331
Abstract
These days one of the important issues of the world is the measurement of efficiency of production per unit. Stock exchange organizations also play pivotal role in attaining investment and improvement of economic signals in different countries. Therefore, while considering this role and the numbers of ...
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These days one of the important issues of the world is the measurement of efficiency of production per unit. Stock exchange organizations also play pivotal role in attaining investment and improvement of economic signals in different countries. Therefore, while considering this role and the numbers of branches of stock exchanges in Iran, it is important to measure the efficiency of these branches and compare them with each other. In this study, we have used DEA technique, to assess the efficiency achieved by each branch and then we ranked them on the basis of the points collected by each branch. We have also, tried to define the conceptual system of assessment for efficiency of each branch and we have also collected the related data. Then on the basis of DEA technique we have assessed each branch for its efficiency. Finally, we used Team Expert Choice software to rank branches of stock exchanges accordingly.
Mir Taher Poor Partovi; Davod Danesh Jafari; Asadollah Jalalabadi
Volume 9, Issue 35 , January 2010, , Pages 129-154
Abstract
Efficiency, optimal allocation of sources depends on competitive performance of markets. To establish competitive markets, maintain and increase efficiency, it is necessary to exist different issues including complete definition of legal ownership, reduction of conventional and exchange costs, facilitating ...
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Efficiency, optimal allocation of sources depends on competitive performance of markets. To establish competitive markets, maintain and increase efficiency, it is necessary to exist different issues including complete definition of legal ownership, reduction of conventional and exchange costs, facilitating the flow of information among producers and consumers in the markets and also existence of facilitator rules concerning competition and anti-monopoly.
In this research, we have collected the statistics of big industrial working places in 2007 and computed the concentration and monopoly indexes for 130 industries by using Hrefindhal – Hirshman and share of better firms indexes. In addition, we have evaluated the role of private and public companies in increasing and reducing the monopoly, and the effective factors in creating & sustaining of monopolies. Results from the research indicates the considerable concentration in Iran’s including in public & private sectors.
The most important reason to establish monopolies in the country, either in public or private sectors, is creating input obstacles through laws and regulations.
Mohammadali Feizpour; Vahid Mahmoudi; Mehdi Emami Meybodi
Volume 9, Issue 35 , January 2010, , Pages 155-173
Abstract
Considerable attention in the extant literature has been devoted to new firm formation and growth of existing firms as the sources of job creation. However, most of the recent studies show that among the growing firm a small minority are ability to show high growth. Although this minority is created ...
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Considerable attention in the extant literature has been devoted to new firm formation and growth of existing firms as the sources of job creation. However, most of the recent studies show that among the growing firm a small minority are ability to show high growth. Although this minority is created the vast majority of new jobs, there is a dearth of research on high growth firms. Furthermore, the majority of literature in this area focuses on large firms while research on high growth small firms is underdeveloped. This paper investigates the characteristics of high growth small firms in manufacturing industry in Iran during the Third Development Plan.
Using a recent population of 7379 small firms (those with 10 to 50 employees), absolute and relative methods and Probit regression model, a number of drivers of high growth were identified and investigated. The
results of this study indicate that high growth small firms are influenced by size in non-linear fashion. In addition, age of firm, profitability, skill of employees, transportation and advertising expenditure, as well as net entry rate are the main characteristics of high growth small firms in manufacturing industry in Iran during the Third Development Plan.
Farhad Dejpasand; Hossein Goudarzi
Volume 9, Issue 34 , October 2009, , Pages 15-41
Abstract
Applied study about developing countries indicates real devaluation of the currency has different effect on balance of payments. Devaluation of the currency can improve balance of payment if the exchange market was in the relative stability and monetary and fiscal policy was also specified and not expansionary. ...
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Applied study about developing countries indicates real devaluation of the currency has different effect on balance of payments. Devaluation of the currency can improve balance of payment if the exchange market was in the relative stability and monetary and fiscal policy was also specified and not expansionary. Exchange market stationary examines by Marshal Lerner condition. Marshal Lerner condition states that if absolute sum of demand and supply elasticity of exchange rate is greater than one exchange market is stable and increasing exchange rate or devaluation of the currency can improve the balance of payments. This study examines Marshal Lerner condition in Iran by Time series and panel data model. The result of this empirical examine suggests that the Marshal Lerner condition
does not satisfy by time series estimation of the model in long and short run. The result of panel data estimation of the model also suggests that Marshal Lerner condition does not hold in Iran.
Reza Akbarian; Seyyed Mohssen Heydaripour
Volume 9, Issue 34 , October 2009, , Pages 43-63
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of financial market development on economic growth in the context of the Iranian economy in short and long-run over the period 1966–2007. Two financial developments indices (rate of financial saving to GDP and rate of domestic credit to GDP), has ...
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The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of financial market development on economic growth in the context of the Iranian economy in short and long-run over the period 1966–2007. Two financial developments indices (rate of financial saving to GDP and rate of domestic credit to GDP), has been used in two separate econometric models "Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)" in order to investigates the effects of financial market development on the economic growth. In order to explain the private sector behavior, the rate of claims on private sector to domestic credit has been used as an independent variable.
The empirical results in two models suggest that in the short and long run, the financial development has negative effect on economic growth. This result supports the opinion about negative effect of financial development on economic growth in developing countries with a weak control on loans. In both models the influence of openness on economic growth is positive. The results also show the economic adjustment policies had negative effect on economic growth.
Ghahreman Abdoli
Volume 9, Issue 34 , October 2009, , Pages 135-156
Abstract
This paper estimates a social discount Rate for Iran for the purpose of economic evaluation of investment projects such as those aimed at improving the nation's welfare. The component parameters of this rate are, the growth rate of per capital consumption in real term, the elasticity of the marginal ...
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This paper estimates a social discount Rate for Iran for the purpose of economic evaluation of investment projects such as those aimed at improving the nation's welfare. The component parameters of this rate are, the growth rate of per capital consumption in real term, the elasticity of the marginal utility of consumption and mortality-based discount rate. Based upon time series data the overall figure out of be %7.2, that appears to be reasonable and thus may be used in cost-benefit analysis in the country.
Mehdi Taghavi; Ali Gholipoor Soleymani
Volume 9, Issue 34 , October 2009, , Pages 157-172
Abstract
Which factors are considered as effective elements to growth of tourism in Iran?
Additional number of the room in a hotel, the cost of a room in a hotel, or the exchange rate? The training of the human resources who are working for the tourist industry, the tourist agencies, inflation rate and war are ...
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Which factors are considered as effective elements to growth of tourism in Iran?
Additional number of the room in a hotel, the cost of a room in a hotel, or the exchange rate? The training of the human resources who are working for the tourist industry, the tourist agencies, inflation rate and war are the explanatory variables that have an effective role in increasing the incomes of the foreign tourism as a dependent variable in Iran. Research Data is time series 1979-2007. ARDL technique are used to estimate the long-run model and to determine the cause- effect relationship among the variables.
The results of this research shows that the coefficient of the variables which are related to the (number of the room in a hotel), (the foreign exchange receipt of the previous periods), (the cost of a room in a hotel), (the exchange rate), and (the tourist agencies) are meaningful and have the expected sign.
Mohssen Ebrahimi; Alireza Ghanbary
Volume 9, Issue 34 , October 2009, , Pages 173-204
Abstract
The main factor influencing the fluctuation of oil revenues is the price fluctuation of oil. Considering that Iran economy is dependent on oil revenues, therefore controlling the risks of price fluctuation in oil, seems to be quite necessary.
One of the new strategies in controlling price risk factor ...
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The main factor influencing the fluctuation of oil revenues is the price fluctuation of oil. Considering that Iran economy is dependent on oil revenues, therefore controlling the risks of price fluctuation in oil, seems to be quite necessary.
One of the new strategies in controlling price risk factor is entering into the oil paper market, and using financial derivatives as an instrument, which is the subject of review in here. Coverage instrument used, are future contracts of one to four month in nymex oil stock exchange market. In this review, by using different methods of econometric, different situation for strategies covering the risk was resulted, of which for selecting the best situation, efficiency and desirability for each one is estimated. Results show that, by using future contracts, we can reduce the risks of oil revenues at least by 85%, which is reached upto 96% in most suitable circumstances.
Farhad Khodadad Kashi; Khalil Heydari
Volume 9, Issue 34 , October 2009, , Pages 205-231
Abstract
Poverty is a worldwide phenomenon which both developed and developing countries are entangled with. Poverty alleviation is now considered as a goal by governments and international institutions. The emphasis is very much on poverty reduction by Iran’s Constitution and other binding Acts such as ...
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Poverty is a worldwide phenomenon which both developed and developing countries are entangled with. Poverty alleviation is now considered as a goal by governments and international institutions. The emphasis is very much on poverty reduction by Iran’s Constitution and other binding Acts such as socio-economic plans and The Perspective Document. In this paper, an attempt has been made to measure different poverty indices with emphasis on nutrition approach. Head count ratio, poverty gap and Sen index are among the poverty indices measured in this study. Our findings indicate a reduction in absolute poverty along with an increase in relative poverty during the period of the study. It has also been shown that the extent of poverty depends on the concept of poverty accepted by authorities. Considering the facts relating to Iran’s economy as well as resource limitation, the best concept of poverty for policy formulation is the absolute one.
Alimorad Sharifi; Rahman KHosh Akhlagh; Mohammad Esmail Hamdani Golshan; Zeinolabedin Sadeghi
Volume 9, Issue 34 , October 2009, , Pages 265-287
Abstract
Securing electrical energy usages in peak period is one of the problems in power industry. Establishing new plants and increasing in capacity electrical energy is the easiest solution of the chose.
But demand side management through load management is another solution. Economical load management is ...
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Securing electrical energy usages in peak period is one of the problems in power industry. Establishing new plants and increasing in capacity electrical energy is the easiest solution of the chose.
But demand side management through load management is another solution. Economical load management is operational way by price motive, that self –rationing is one of the economical load management method.
In this paper, effort is made to introduce self –rationing and surviving original paper in this subject in economic literature in recent 30 years .we can divide existing literature in two period, first period 1978 to 1990(introduction self –rationing method) and period 1990 up to now (application and expansion).
Jamshid Pajooyan; Marjan Faghih Nasiri
Volume 9, Issue 33 , July 2009, , Pages 15-45
Abstract
The Concept of Competitiveness is considerable from The micro and macro points of views. The present study in regard to the meanings of competitiveness is concentrating on a few distinctions First on The meaning's of competitiveness in the evolutionary ideology of comparative advantage and also dynamic ...
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The Concept of Competitiveness is considerable from The micro and macro points of views. The present study in regard to the meanings of competitiveness is concentrating on a few distinctions First on The meaning's of competitiveness in the evolutionary ideology of comparative advantage and also dynamic comparative advantage in today's world has been considered by trade economists. In most studies, Competitive Compound index has been Categorized based on its determining Factors.
But in this particular study, in addition to determining factors, the effects of the above mentioned indexes on factors of product function have been also considered. Because the original approach of this study is based on the fact that factors of comparativeness and ultimately to economic growth by the variables of the product function.
Therefore in this study, first there has been a brief review over Comparative advantage theory, dynamic Comparative advantage, and comparative advantage, then several different definitions of comparatives Competitiveness will be presented, and then by reviewing experimental studies in regard to competitiveness.
The indexes of labor competitiveness, Capital, and technology will be introduced and then by the method of numerical taxonomy for 57 countries during 1995 to 2003, the above mentioned indexes will be calculated.
It is notable that Iran has never been considered in any of the competitiveness studies in the world and these calculations has never been done for Iran.
In this study Iran's rank in reported indexes has been calculated and Iran's competitiveness place among the countries of the world has been determined. For evaluation of calculated index, one aggregated index from the 3 mentioned indexes has been calculated, and compared with the indexes of other studies.
Rahman Khoshakhlagh; Rahim Dallai Esfahani; Reza Moosavi Mohsseni
Volume 9, Issue 33 , July 2009, , Pages 47-70
Abstract
This paper has assessed the neutrality of money in Iran’s economy by using a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. Regarding this assessment, initially a computable general equilibrium was organized in which the financial market plays an essential role. Then, for the calibration of the coefficients, ...
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This paper has assessed the neutrality of money in Iran’s economy by using a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. Regarding this assessment, initially a computable general equilibrium was organized in which the financial market plays an essential role. Then, for the calibration of the coefficients, in addition to organizing a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM), a financial balance sheet was also provided. In this paper, the tool of reserve requirement rate is being used as instrumental variable representing monetary policy. The result of this research indicates that the monetary policies have had significant effect on Iran’s economy.
There has been a reverse relationship between the changes in reserve requirement rate and gross national product. One of the other finding of this research is that changes in monetary tool has significant effects on GNP and so money is not neutral in Iran’s economy especially when a general equilibrium type of model is being applied. For solving the model the GAMS software and Non-Linear Programming (NLP) method were used.
Ebrahim Gorji; Ali Reza Eghbali
Volume 9, Issue 33 , July 2009, , Pages 71-96
Abstract
In this paper, authors, reviewing business cycles nature and numerous outlooks concerning “raison de etre” there of, provide a model together with its estimated using VAR for the years 1959-2006. The results show that monetary and fiscal factors may affect economic fluctuations. It seems ...
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In this paper, authors, reviewing business cycles nature and numerous outlooks concerning “raison de etre” there of, provide a model together with its estimated using VAR for the years 1959-2006. The results show that monetary and fiscal factors may affect economic fluctuations. It seems that fiscal policies have been more effective in creating business cycles. Meanwhile, there are other factors, which somehow are related to economic structure of Iran, play a significant role in economic crises within Iran’s economy.
Ali Esmaieel Zadeh Magharri
Volume 9, Issue 33 , July 2009, , Pages 97-123
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between investment, import and export on inflation in Iran’s economy. First, we talk about inflation theory and then give a short discussion about inflation effects on investment to make sure that our time series are stationary. We use ADF ...
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The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between investment, import and export on inflation in Iran’s economy. First, we talk about inflation theory and then give a short discussion about inflation effects on investment to make sure that our time series are stationary. We use ADF method.
Then we estimate our models. We find out that the relationship between export and import and inflation is positive and the relation between investment and inflation is negative.
Seyyed Shamseddin Hosseini; Mohammad Ebrahim Ain Alian; Amir Reza Soori
Volume 9, Issue 33 , July 2009, , Pages 125-151
Abstract
Post Bank as one of the financial institution has had successful experience in many countries. As a result, the Post Bank Company has been established in 1996 aiming of developing financial services especially in rural region. Now after passing a decade of Post Bank activities in the form of independent ...
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Post Bank as one of the financial institution has had successful experience in many countries. As a result, the Post Bank Company has been established in 1996 aiming of developing financial services especially in rural region. Now after passing a decade of Post Bank activities in the form of independent headquarters in provinces, assessing their activities is possible by the criterion such as efficiency which is the subject of this paper.
In this paper, efficiency and effecting factors on it has been determined for 28 independent headquarters of Iran’s Post Bank in duration of 1999-2005 form using Stochastic Frontier Functions (SFA) and Logarithmic - Linear of cost function. Result of this study by model (1) - assessing efficiency- shows that efficiency of Iran’s Post Bank is 60%. The provinces
of Tehran and Charmahal va Bakhtiyari have had minimum and maximum efficiency respectively. Also, headquarters of Post Bank in the less developed region like Charmahal va Bakhtiyari and Kohkiluye va Boyer Ahmad, comparing with more headquarters in the developed provinces like Tehran and Khorasan, had been more efficient.
Meanwhile based on the result of model (2)- assessing the Effecting factors on efficiency- efficiency of headquarters has inverse relationship with the size of Post Bank (total asset), number of Employee, number of branch, and time, has direct relationship with total income of Post Bank.
Nazar Dehmardeh; Hamid Reza Izadi
Volume 9, Issue 33 , July 2009, , Pages 153-169
Abstract
Demand for money is an important part of macroeconomic models and the monetary policy; furthermore, demand for money and its stability are important in an economy especially in the design of monetary policy. We estimate the Iran’s demand for money for period (1971-2008) using the autoregressive ...
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Demand for money is an important part of macroeconomic models and the monetary policy; furthermore, demand for money and its stability are important in an economy especially in the design of monetary policy. We estimate the Iran’s demand for money for period (1971-2008) using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method. We also use the error correction model for short-run dynamic analysis and stability test in model. The explanatory variables include gross domestic product, inflation rate, and foreign exchange rate, short-run and long-run interest. The results show that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between the variables. According to our finding , the gross domestic product have positive impact on the demand for money and exchange rate and inflation rate have significant negative effects on the demand for money in Iran.
Seyyed Abdolmajid Jalaee; Mina Sabbagh Poorfard
Volume 9, Issue 33 , July 2009, , Pages 171-188
Abstract
Nowadays, the effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth, theatrically & empirically, has been proved. Developed countries have experiences, using FDI for reaching stability on economic growth and of course in this channel should not ignore the role of financial markets in these countries. ...
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Nowadays, the effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth, theatrically & empirically, has been proved. Developed countries have experiences, using FDI for reaching stability on economic growth and of course in this channel should not ignore the role of financial markets in these countries. In this paper, first the effect of FDI on economic growth has been investigated and then for the purpose of determining the stability of this effect, controlling variables have been used. The result shows that when controlling variables used, FDI have no effect on economic growth. According to this, several variables have been introduced to determining the role of financial markets. Through combining these variables and entering them in the growth model it is obvious that the effect of FDI on economic growth is significant. Therefore, it is concluding that, in Iran with better –developed financial markets, the effect of FDI on economic growth will be improved.
Ebrahim Eltejaee
Volume 9, Issue 33 , July 2009, , Pages 189-222
Abstract
Export Processing Zones (EPZs) have been adopted by many developing countries to move from inward looking toward outward looking strategies. This paper hints that EPZs are instruments of export promoting strategies and compares EPZs in South Korea, China, India and Iran from the aspects of goals, background, ...
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Export Processing Zones (EPZs) have been adopted by many developing countries to move from inward looking toward outward looking strategies. This paper hints that EPZs are instruments of export promoting strategies and compares EPZs in South Korea, China, India and Iran from the aspects of goals, background, incentive policies and contribution to total country exports. Results indicate that S-Korea and China successfully used EPZs for clear goals within their export promoting strategies. But in Iran, like India in the last century, these zones have not been established within any clear trade and industrial strategy. So, in spite of many preferential and incentive policies adopted in Iran's Free Trade Zones, these zones could not play a significant role in export and industrial promotion in the country.
