Hosein Sadeghi soghdel; Abbas Assari Arani; Vahid Shaghaghi Shahri
Volume 10, Issue 39 , January 2011, , Pages 139-174
Gholamreza Eslami Bidgoli; Ashraf Tehrani
Volume 10, Issue 39 , January 2011, , Pages 231-253
Ali Salehabadi; Ahmad Ahmadpoor
Volume 10, Issue 39 , January 2011, , Pages 255-271
Asghar Shahmoradi; Seyed Ali Naseri
Volume 10, Issue 39 , January 2011, , Pages 299-327
Davod Danesh Jafari; Mohammad Mahdi Barghi Osguei
Volume 10, Issue 38 , October 2010, , Pages 15-38
Hossein Abbasinejad; Akbar Komeyjani; Ali Taiebnia; Ahmad Tashkini
Volume 10, Issue 38 , October 2010, , Pages 39-65
Seyyed Safdar Hossini; Habib Shahbazi; Jahangard Halimeh
Volume 10, Issue 38 , October 2010, , Pages 67-86
Kambiz Hozhbar Kiani; Farhad Ghaffari
Volume 10, Issue 38 , October 2010, , Pages 87-116
Esmail Abounori; Saeed Karimi Potanlar; Mohammad Reza Mardani
Volume 10, Issue 38 , October 2010, , Pages 117-143
Mohammadreza Saadi; Bahareh Oryani; Mir Hossein Mousavi; Masomeh Nematpour
Volume 10, Issue 38 , October 2010, , Pages 145-173
Jamshid Pajuyan; Bita Tabrizian
Volume 10, Issue 38 , October 2010, , Pages 175-203
Teymour Mohammadi; Monireh Motamedi
Volume 10, Issue 38 , October 2010, , Pages 235-265
Farhad Tarahomi; Ali Asghar Esfandiary
Volume 10, Issue 38 , October 2010, , Pages 267-286
Abolghasem Mahdavi; Mohammad Amin Naderian
Volume 10, Issue 38 , October 2010, , Pages 287-309
Ali Soori; Mohsen Ebrahimi; Ehsan Hoseini Doost
Volume 10, Issue 38 , October 2010, , Pages 311-329
Akbar Komeyjani; Hossein Tavakolian
Volume 10, Issue 37 , July 2010, , Pages 15-43
Abstract
According to the recent debates on portfolio allocation of the foreign reserves of central banks and moving from Dollar to Euro, this study is going to empirically investigate the portfolio composition of the central banks of Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia and Turkey. Since the compositions of the foreign ...
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According to the recent debates on portfolio allocation of the foreign reserves of central banks and moving from Dollar to Euro, this study is going to empirically investigate the portfolio composition of the central banks of Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia and Turkey. Since the compositions of the foreign reserves of central banks are not announced precisely, the estimation of the share of Euro in foreign reserves is done according to the time series characteristics of foreign reserves. In this study the share of Euro and Dollar in Foreign reserves of the central banks will be estimated using Kalman Filter. In the euro period, 1999-2008, the share of Euro in foreign reserves of Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia and Turkey has increased considerably. The evidence shows that all of these countries have diversified their foreign reserves portfolio such that the relative importance
of Euro has increased while the relative importance of Dollar has diminished. The share of Euro in the foreign reserves of Iran, Russia and Turkey from 2003 and in Saudi Arabia from 2007 has increased and Euro has become a serious challenger to US dollar. Although the results of the paper show that the share of Euro in the foreign reserves of these countries has increased and Euro has become a serious rival for US dollar, but the answer to the question of whether the Euro will replace the Dollar, is still an important issue and requires further study and empirical evidences.
Erfan Memarian; Seyed Ahmad Reza Jalali Naeini
Volume 10, Issue 37 , July 2010, , Pages 45-69
Abstract
In this paper, the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) analysis, and quarterly series of statistics in the behavior of Iran's trade-balance against its main Trade partners have been dynamically analyzed and real effective exchange rate (REER) has been calculated as an important index and a determinant ...
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In this paper, the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) analysis, and quarterly series of statistics in the behavior of Iran's trade-balance against its main Trade partners have been dynamically analyzed and real effective exchange rate (REER) has been calculated as an important index and a determinant in the country's trade-balance fluctuations. The results indicate a long-run equilibrium among variables of the aggregate trade-balance pattern.
The dynamic effects among variables, based on impulse-response functions (IRFs) were analyzed as a result, the effect of devaluation on aggregate trade-balance in short-run confirms J-curve hypothesis. The decline trend for J-curve in the research has been estimated for two quarters of which nominal rigidity of import values in the international trade-balance, i.e, dependency of domestic sector on imports and inelastic real exchange rate on non-oil export sector are of its crucial reasons.
Heshmatollah Asgari
Volume 10, Issue 37 , July 2010, , Pages 71-93
Abstract
Reducing dependency on oil export and increasing non-oil export was one of the most important aims of the 3rd-5 year development plan. The aim was to increase the share of non-oil export from 18% in (3rd D.P) to 33.6% in the 4th-5 year dev. Plan. Hence the in order to recognize trade target markets through ...
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Reducing dependency on oil export and increasing non-oil export was one of the most important aims of the 3rd-5 year development plan. The aim was to increase the share of non-oil export from 18% in (3rd D.P) to 33.6% in the 4th-5 year dev. Plan. Hence the in order to recognize trade target markets through the trade potentiality analysis between Iran and selected countries such as: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Turkey, Russia, Turkmenistan, Jeorgia and Kazakhistan, we use the comparative export and import vector methods in 2008. The result shows that Iran’s export to the selected countries except Turkey was more than export potentiality of these countries. So, there is no more opportunity for RTAs with these countries for export. But Iran imports from these selected countries were less than import potentiality. Thus we conclude that (RTAs) can be used only for the import potentialities rather than non-oil export.
Javid Bahrami; Maryam Farshchi
Volume 10, Issue 37 , July 2010, , Pages 115-138
Abstract
This paper presents a test of the P* model using Iran quarterly data over the period 1988-2005. The basic formulation of the P* model, which is derived from the quantity theory of money, is manipulated to obtain an equation for the price gap and level of output and velocity gaps. So the P-Star model ...
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This paper presents a test of the P* model using Iran quarterly data over the period 1988-2005. The basic formulation of the P* model, which is derived from the quantity theory of money, is manipulated to obtain an equation for the price gap and level of output and velocity gaps. So the P-Star model implies that inflation is determined by the level of output gap and velocity gap. On the other hand real money gap can either be used instead of price gap, as the other approach. Estimation of the dynamic relation between the inflation rate and price gap are significant and price gap’s share is about 50 percent in inflation process.
Abbas Arabmazar; Seyyed Yahya Mousavi
Volume 10, Issue 37 , July 2010, , Pages 139-165
Abstract
According to the definition, efficiency is the ratio of outputs of an organization to its inputs for which there are parametric and non-parametric ways of calculation. In non-parametric method which forms the base of calculations in this research, efficiency is evaluated through a series of mathematical ...
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According to the definition, efficiency is the ratio of outputs of an organization to its inputs for which there are parametric and non-parametric ways of calculation. In non-parametric method which forms the base of calculations in this research, efficiency is evaluated through a series of mathematical optimizations. In this research tax organization of each province is considered as a decision maker unit which posesses several inputs and outputs. In order to compare the efficiency of different provinces of the country, they are divided into two groups on the basis of their stages of development and their shares in total tax payments. Efficiency of tax organizations of provinces is measured by using Data Envelopment Analysis procedure (DEA), and the results show that in a period of 2005-2006, there has been an Average efficiency of 73% for developed provinces and 89.5 % for less developed provinces. Regarding the figures related to the efficiency of provinces, we consider the difference between efficiency of provinces and efficiency of 100%, as their shortcoming in tax
capacity achievement. In other words, efficiency of provinces shows that they are from legal potential capacity of tax collection. So, legal tax potential of provinces are calculated on the basis of above mentioned figures.
Ali Asghar Esfandiary; Hamideh Neisi
Volume 10, Issue 37 , July 2010, , Pages 167-192
Abstract
Distribution of income is of vital significance because, It represents not only a significant aspect of justice; but, it also influences economic, social and other variables. Therefore, it is important for the economic and politic decision makers to identify and assess the effects of income redistribution ...
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Distribution of income is of vital significance because, It represents not only a significant aspect of justice; but, it also influences economic, social and other variables. Therefore, it is important for the economic and politic decision makers to identify and assess the effects of income redistribution policies, as it the useful in planning. Hence, in this paper, using semi-input-output model, we try to examine the effects of income redistribution for low-income groups, on the Iranian macroeconomic variables. In other words, this paper aims to find out whether or not the income redistribution results in Iranian economic growth. Similarly semi-input-output table of the Iranian statistics centre in 2001 has been used in 10 parts, assuming mixed technology. In this paper, it is revealed that increasing economic growth policies and income distribution improvement policies are not contradictory.
Mohssen Renani; Rahim Dallai Esfahani; Ali Hussein Samadi
Volume 10, Issue 37 , July 2010, , Pages 193-215
Abstract
This paper, is trying to analyse the institutional barriers of economic growth in IRAN (1959-2000). For this purpose, we have estimated a growth model with TSLS and Gregory – Hansen (1996) cointegration techniques. The results showed that, institutional qualities have positive and significant effects ...
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This paper, is trying to analyse the institutional barriers of economic growth in IRAN (1959-2000). For this purpose, we have estimated a growth model with TSLS and Gregory – Hansen (1996) cointegration techniques. The results showed that, institutional qualities have positive and significant effects on economic growth. In other words, institutions play an important role in the process of economic growth in Iranian economy.
Majid Sabbagh Kermani; Khaled Ahmadzadeh; Seyyed Hadi Musavi Nik
Volume 10, Issue 37 , July 2010, , Pages 267-293
Abstract
House price changes in Iran is a category for thinking about in recent years and also different studies has been done on determinants of housing supply and demand and its price. However, this study deals with causality relation between house price and its determinant factors by seasonal data in Tehran ...
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House price changes in Iran is a category for thinking about in recent years and also different studies has been done on determinants of housing supply and demand and its price. However, this study deals with causality relation between house price and its determinant factors by seasonal data in Tehran between “1994-2006". In this study, Vector Error Correction, is used to estimate the model. Moreover, Wald test is utilized for the study of causality relation in long-run and short-run. The results show that all of the model variables can be significantly determinant of house price. In short-run, land price, the wholesale of building materials, and gold price (as substitution market) have a bilateral causality relation with house price. Forthermore, there exists a unilateral causality among the average of household income and private sector investment in house building, as complete buildings, with housing price. Nevertheless, in the short-run Granger causality between house price and interest rate was not confirmed. On the other hand, the high significance of the coeffeceint of partial error correction in all of the estimated equations as well as integrated tests with model dependent variables reveals existence of a long-run relation.
Shahriar Nessabian; Reza Moghaddasi
Volume 10, Issue 37 , July 2010, , Pages 327-338
Abstract
Sugar is one of the main processed agricultural products whose consumption is increasing in the world. Currently a considerable share of total production and consumption belongs to rich countries such as EU members and U.S. These countries try to control the world market by using some support policies ...
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Sugar is one of the main processed agricultural products whose consumption is increasing in the world. Currently a considerable share of total production and consumption belongs to rich countries such as EU members and U.S. These countries try to control the world market by using some support policies such as: export’s subsidy, low rate loans and high import tariffs. In this study the economic indicators of sugar world market are reviewed and economic situation of sugar industry in Iran is considered as well.
Mehdi Taghavi; Mehdi Rezaee
Volume 10, Issue 36 , April 2010, , Pages 15-40
Abstract
In this paper, the model of foreign direct investment attraction into Iran’s Free Trade- Industrial Zones has been estimated on the basis of related theories and studies. The results of this study illustrate that inflation rate and domestic investment respectively have negative and positive effects ...
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In this paper, the model of foreign direct investment attraction into Iran’s Free Trade- Industrial Zones has been estimated on the basis of related theories and studies. The results of this study illustrate that inflation rate and domestic investment respectively have negative and positive effects on the attraction of foreign direct investment into those zones. For the success in absorbing foreign investment, the results of this paper also show that some policies other than mere liberalization policy of foreign capital inflow are necessary. If Iran successfully create a suitable economic atmosphere in order to motivate free domestic investors, both in the national economy and in the zones then Iran may manage to attract foreign investors. This study indicates that high inflation rate and low
attraction of domestic investments are implications of country risk, which lead to less attraction of foreign investments to the zones on the other hand, small amount of domestic capital in free zones in turn decreases the attraction of foreign direct investment into zones, as a consequent effect on foreign investment.