نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

2 دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

یکی از مهم‌ترین مولفه‌های موثر بر تجارت کالاها، هزینه‌های حمل‌ونقل است که این متغیر تحت تاثیر فاصله بین کشورهای مبدأ و مقصد و نوع کالایی است که توسط شبکه بین‌المللی ترانزیت کالا جابه‌جا می‌شود. این مطالعه با توجه به تاثیر دو متغیر نامبرده شده تحت عنوان اثرات مرزی و با بهره‌گیری از یک الگوی جاذبه غیرخطی، روابط تجاری ایران و 30 شریک برتر تجاری آن را طی سال‌های 1393-1371 با روش حداکثر درست‌نمایی نمای پوآسون مورد بررسی قرار داده است. نتایج حاکی از این حقیقت است که به غیر از گروه کالایی بخش سوم (شامل چربی‌ها و روغن‌های حیوانی یا نباتی)، تمامی 20 گروه کالایی دیگر در سه سطح واردات، صادرات و کل تجارت تاثیرپذیری منفی از ناحیه فاصله بین دو کشور را دارا هستند و اثرات مرزی نقش برجسته‌ای در توضیح الگوی تجاری- کالایی ایران و شرکای تجاری‌اش دارد. در واردات به ترتیب گروه‌های بیست و یکم (اشیاء هنری، اشیاء کلکسیون یا عتیقه)، اول (حیوانات زنده، محصولات حیوانی) و هفتم (مواد پلاستیکی و کائوچو)، در صادرات به ترتیب گروه‌های اول، دهم (خمیرچوب یا سایر مواد الیافی سلولزی، کاغذ یا مقوا برای بازیافت) و دوازدهم (کفش، کلاه، چترآفتابی، عصا، شلاق و تازیانه) و در سطح تجارت کل نیز به ترتیب گروه‌های بیست و یکم، اول و هفتم بیشترین تاثیر منفی را از جانب متغیر فاصله پذیرفته‌اند. 

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