نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 پژوهشگر گروه مدیریت و علوم اجتماعی، پژوهشگاه نیرو، تهران، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری رشته مدیریت دولتی، دانشکدهی مدیریت دولتی و علوم سازمانی، دانشکدگان مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
بخش خانگی با سهمی معادل ۲۸ درصد از مصرف جهانی انرژی و ۳۲ درصد از انتشار گازهای گلخانهای، یکی از کانونهای اصلی توجه در سیاستگذاری انرژی است. سیاستهای سنتی بیشتر بر مداخلات فناورانه تمرکز داشتهاند، اما شواهد نشان میدهد که اتکای صرف به این راهکارها بدون توجه به ابعاد رفتاری و اجتماعی، اثربخشی پایدار ایجاد نمیکند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارائه چارچوبی بومی برای سیاستگذاری رفتاری در بخش انرژی خانگی ایران با رویکردی ترکیبی و در دو مرحله انجام شده است: نخست، فراترکیب تجربههای جهانی برای شناسایی الگوهای مداخله رفتاری و دوم، پیمایش در بین ۵۹۴ شهروند تهرانی بالای ۱۸ سال که دادههای آن با رگرسیون چندمتغیره تحلیل و بررسی شده است. نتایج فراترکیب نشان داد چارچوببندی اطلاعات، بازخورد و هنجارهای اجتماعی رایجترین ابزارهای جهانی هستند. در سطح ملی اما، سبک زندگی قویترین پیشبینیکننده رفتار مصرف انرژی بود و ارزشهای اخلاقی- مذهبی و فرهنگ مادی نیز نقش برجستهای ایفا میکنند. تلفیق این دو سطح از یافتهها منجر به تدوین چارچوبی چهارلایه شد که شامل بنیانهای فرهنگی- اجتماعی، مداخلات عملیاتی رفتاری، پشتیبانی نهادی و فناورانه و ظرفیتسازی سیاستی است. این چارچوب نقشه راهی عملی در اختیار سیاستگذاران قرار میدهد تا مداخلات بومی، پایدار و اثربخش در مدیریت مصرف انرژی خانگی ایران طراحی و اجرا شود.
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