Public Sector Economics
aso esmailpour
Abstract
In this article, the foreign exchange market index (EMP) in the countries that export metals, spices, raw materials and energy during the period of 1990-2020 by applying the simple panel transition regression model (PSTR), two regimes on the real price ...
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In this article, the foreign exchange market index (EMP) in the countries that export metals, spices, raw materials and energy during the period of 1990-2020 by applying the simple panel transition regression model (PSTR), two regimes on the real price of food, food, energy and raw materials , show that the currency market pressure has a negative and significant effect on the real price of food, metals, energy and raw materials among the countries that export the studied goods, so that the level of trade balance shows a negative and significant effect in a linear and non-linear manner on the pressure of the foreign exchange market, on the other hand, the real price index of goods in both regimes has strengthened the pressure of the foreign exchange market in the exporting countries, in the food exporting countries The commodity price index shows a positive and significant effect on the foreign exchange market pressure in two regimes, and the net foreign asset also has a positive and significant effect in both linear and non-linear regimes, and the Balassa-Samuelson effect in the two regimes of exporting countries. Food has a positive and significant effect on the pressure of the currency market. In countries that export raw materials, price indices and trade balance levels have a negative and significant effect on currency market pressure in the first and second regimes, on the other hand, net foreign assets have a positive effect in the first regime and a positive effect in the second regime.
Financial Economics
Reza Talebloo; parisa mohajeri; Mortaza Yeganeh
Abstract
The aim of the current research is to present a model for the risk analysis of 30 large companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange using the multivariate factor stochastic volatility model (MFSVM) in the framework of the non-linear state-space approach. In this framework, the volatility of stock returns ...
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The aim of the current research is to present a model for the risk analysis of 30 large companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange using the multivariate factor stochastic volatility model (MFSVM) in the framework of the non-linear state-space approach. In this framework, the volatility of stock returns is divided into two components, "volatility arising from latent factors" and "idiosyncratic risks", and the dynamic correlation matrix of the volatility of stock returns is estimated. In this regard, the weekly data of companies' stock returns during the period of Jan. 10, 2018 to Oct. 7, 2023 have been used. The results of the research indicate that, first- three hidden factors affect the volatility of stock returns. The first factor has affected stocks related to companies active in the oil products industry, chemical products, basic metals, mining, and investment funds. The second factor has had the largest impact on banks. The third factor has also had an effect on bank stocks to some extent. Second- the strongest posterior pairwise correlation exists between “GDIR” and “PTAP”, “PASN”, and “FOLD”, with correlation coefficients of 74%, 73%, and 71%, respectively. Additionally, “FOLD” exhibits a 69% correlation with both “PASN” and “PTAP”, as well as correlations of 66% each with “MSMI” and “MADN”. The weakest correlation coefficient is between “GDIR” and “BPAS” (-10%). Third BPAS (Pasargad Bank) experiences the lowest correlation with the stock network, while GDIR (Ghadir Investment Company) exhibits the highest correlation.
The Economy of Iran
Sholeh Bagheri Pormehr; Zahra Laki; Hanieh Parnyan
Abstract
The basic questions of economic growth models, including the relationship between types of capital and the rate of real growth, have always been a concern of scientific and political circles. In many empirical studies, it has been shown that physical capital and social capital each affect the amount ...
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The basic questions of economic growth models, including the relationship between types of capital and the rate of real growth, have always been a concern of scientific and political circles. In many empirical studies, it has been shown that physical capital and social capital each affect the amount and quality of economic growth, but less has been discussed about the interactive effects of investment types on economic growth. In this study, the effect of social capital on the interaction between physical capital and Iran's economic growth has been investigated using the mild regression model (STR). The studied period for Iran is 1346 to 1400. Four indicators corresponding to Fukuyama's indicators have been used to measure social capital. The results of the study of the variables and the model used showed that, at different levels of social capital, physical capital has a different effect on Iran's gross domestic product, and the fluctuations of social capital during these years have had an effect on the effect of physical capital on Iran's gross domestic product. The way that in the period when the fluctuation of social capital is more, the fluctuation of the effect coefficient of physical capital on production increases.
Public Sector Economics
Sogol Shahidi; Davood Abbasi Karjagan; Seyyed Mohsen Tabatabaei Mozdabadi
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the role of organizing informal street businesses in the development of food tourism. The statistical population of the research included tourists and street food visitors from the tourist destination of Tehran, and the number of samples was calculated based on the ...
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The present study aims to investigate the role of organizing informal street businesses in the development of food tourism. The statistical population of the research included tourists and street food visitors from the tourist destination of Tehran, and the number of samples was calculated based on the sample size calculation formula for an unlimited statistical population of 384 people, who were selected based on the available non-random sampling method. The data collection tool in this study is a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The data collection tool in this study is a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. Data analysis was done using path analysis and PLS software, and the effect of personal and collective organization of informal jobs on tourists' satisfaction with food services was investigated. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between personal organization of informal jobs and satisfaction with food services (factor loading = 0.582, t-statistic = 7.0532). Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between the personal organization of informal jobs and satisfaction with food services (factor loading = 0.486, t statistic = 9.1246) and between the collective organization of informal jobs and satisfaction with food services (factor loading = 0.181, t statistic = 2.6051 ) was also observed. These findings can help tourism planners and managers to improve the quality of services according to the needs and expectations of tourists and, as a result, improve the overall experience of tourists in Tehran and 30 Tir Street.
Public Sector Economics
shahryar zaroki; Ahmadreza Ahmadi; Mehdi Hasanpour Varkolaei; Mohammad Reza Zare Chamazakhti
Abstract
In the present research, economic well-being was first calculated using the combined index of economic well-being based on four components of consumption flow, wealth stocks, income distribution and economic security. Then, using the autoregressive with linar and non-linear distributed lag approach while ...
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In the present research, economic well-being was first calculated using the combined index of economic well-being based on four components of consumption flow, wealth stocks, income distribution and economic security. Then, using the autoregressive with linar and non-linear distributed lag approach while explaining the asymmetric effect of subsidy on economic well-being, the optimal level of subsidies in maximizing economic well-being was calculated in the period from 1973 to 2022. The results of calculating the economic well-being index show that from 1975 until the end of the war, the trend of economic well-being was decreasing, and then it started to increase until the sixth plan, so that its average went from 20.9 in the first plan to 60.3 in the fifth plan and has recorded an average of 8 in the sixth program. Also, the size of the subsidy (relative to the total government expenditure) shows that the average size of the subsidy increased from 1973 to the end of the war and also in the first to fourth development plans and then decreased until the sixth plan. The results of long-run estimates show that increases and decreases in subsidy expenditures have a direct effect on economic well-being. In such a way that the direct effect of reductions in subsidy expenditures on economic well-being is greater than the effect of increases in it, which is a confirmation of the existence of an asymmetric effect of subsidy expenditures on economic well-being. Also, the calculation of the optimal amount of subsidy ...
The Economics of Technology, Energy and Sustainable Development
Mohammad Azimzadeh Arani; mohsen kojury
Abstract
Features such as natural monopoly and economies of scale in network industries such as the electricity industry led to the fact that in most countries, the ownership and management of the mentioned industries in a vertically integrated form is provided to the government. Such an attitude prevailed in ...
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Features such as natural monopoly and economies of scale in network industries such as the electricity industry led to the fact that in most countries, the ownership and management of the mentioned industries in a vertically integrated form is provided to the government. Such an attitude prevailed in most countries until the end of the 1980s. Technological advances in these industries, including the electricity industry, led to a new attitude in the 1990s. Based on this view, vertically integrated network industries include separate activities that have different economic characteristics from competitive to monopoly levels, and this provided the basis for reforms the power sector.This article is organized in three parts with analytical-descriptive methods as well as a case study research. In the form of a theoretical framework, the first part has examined the key components of the electricity sector reforms and the importance of their sequence, and the second part has analyzed the process of China's electricity sector reforms in the five stages based on the obtained theoretical framework. The third part is dedicated to providing recommendations for Iran's electricity industry. The findings of this research show that China's experience in the gradual separation of policy making, regulation and service provision affairs from each other, decentralization through the mechanism of provincial and local governments and the commercialization of state-owned companies can bring lessons learned for Iran's electricity industry.
Other innovative economic areas
Esfandiar Jahangard; Mohammad Ghasemi Sheshdeh; Teymour Mohammadi; Farbod Jozani Kohan
Abstract
In this article, data related to different generations was analyzed by using the overlapping generations model of three periods, And by modeling the productivity of manpower, its effect on Iran's economic growth has been analyzed by different generations. The method of conducting this research is analytical-quantitative. ...
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In this article, data related to different generations was analyzed by using the overlapping generations model of three periods, And by modeling the productivity of manpower, its effect on Iran's economic growth has been analyzed by different generations. The method of conducting this research is analytical-quantitative. The time period of the research is seasonal data from 1370 to 1400. To estimate the model, the stochastic dynamic general equilibrium method has been used. In order to design the research model and parameters, by using the data of national accounts and household budgets and creating a connection between these accounts, the productivity of human resources in different generations was extracted. The findings of the article indicate the fact that transfers related to the household in the consumption, education and health sectors have been more efficient in creating the productivity of human resources in different generations and has provided the reasons for the growth of productivity and economic growth. Based on the results, the age range of 25–64 years has the highest productivity on economic growth, which is consistent with the approach of the life cycle theory based on Ando and Modigliani's perspective and the life cycle theory based on intergenerational transfer accounts.
