Digital Economics
Ali Asghar Salem; habib morovat; atefeh heydari milani; masoumeh azizkhani
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been a clear increase in ICT expenditure by households, both in value and as a proportion of total expenditure. Such a trend, however, has not affected all households in the same way. This study analyses the socio-economic determinants of urban household expenditures on ...
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Over the last decade, there has been a clear increase in ICT expenditure by households, both in value and as a proportion of total expenditure. Such a trend, however, has not affected all households in the same way. This study analyses the socio-economic determinants of urban household expenditures on ICT goods and services in Iran in 1398, based on micro data from the Household Budget Surveys. For this, Heckman two-stage model has been applied in order to identify the factors affecting the probability of spending and the level of expenditures on ICT, as well as its components (IT goods, IT services, communication goods and communication services). Based on the results, percapita income has a significant and positive effect both on the probability to spend and the level of percapita ICT expenditure. If the household’s head is a man, it has an increasing effect for the probability of spending, but a decreasing effect for the level of ICT expenditure. Households with bigger sizes and the households which have a married head, are more likely to spend on ICT. The impact of education level and age of the household’s head on both the probability to consume and the amount spent, is positive and significant. There is a negative quadratic relationship between age of the houshold’s head and both the probability to spend and the level of percapita ICT expenditure. Furthermore, consumption economies of scale exist in ICT expenditures.
The Economics of Technology, Energy and Sustainable Development
Reza Saeedi; Shahryar Nessabian; Reza Moghaddasi; marjan damankeshideh
Abstract
Accelerating the accumulation of economic complexity increases the capacity to invent and absorb new technologies.Over the initial stages of economic development, most countries absorb energy-intensive technologies, which will lead to an increase in fossil energy consumption.By increasing the economic ...
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Accelerating the accumulation of economic complexity increases the capacity to invent and absorb new technologies.Over the initial stages of economic development, most countries absorb energy-intensive technologies, which will lead to an increase in fossil energy consumption.By increasing the economic complexity of a country and the accumulation of complex capabilities, it becomes possible to absorb and invent new energy-efficient and clean technologies, which will be a factor in reducing the intensity of fossil energy consumption.In this paper, we investigate the effect of the economic complexity of Iran's provinces on the consumption of fossil energy over the period 2005-2018. For this purpose, the system GMM estimator in dynamic panel data has been applied.The results of the paper indicate that the increase in the economic complexity of the provinces is the driver of fossil energy consumption, so that the hypothesis of "Energy-Environmental Kuznets Curve" across the provinces of the country is rejected. Accordingly, making the current production structure more complex in Iran's economy will not help to reduce fossil energy consumption. Other results show that (a) the per capita consumption of fossil energy is inelastic with respect to the relative price of fuel. (b) The rate of urbanization is the driver of energy consumption. According to the findings of the research, it is recommended that instead of implementing pricing policies to reduce energy consumption, the government should emphasize on changing the production structure by using clean technologies.
Keywords: Energy consumption, Economic complexity, hypothesis of "Energy-Environmental Kuznets Curve"; Panel data, System GMM estimator, Province
Money and Monetary Economics
Akbar Bagheri; Hasan Abagheri
Abstract
One of the basic requirements for sustainable growth and development is the existence of an efficient financial sector to finance production activities. In this regard, the present study has estimated the probability of bankruptcy of banks using the Altman index, using evidence from the banking industry ...
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One of the basic requirements for sustainable growth and development is the existence of an efficient financial sector to finance production activities. In this regard, the present study has estimated the probability of bankruptcy of banks using the Altman index, using evidence from the banking industry for 18 public and private banks in the period from 2016 to 2021. Then, by using the panel data approach, the influencing factors on the probability of bankruptcy are investigated. Estimates from the panel approach show that credit diversification is effective in reducing the probability of bankruptcy. Similar evidence shows that the probability of bankruptcy for private banks is equal to 68% and for public banks is equal to 70%. The calculation of the Herfindahl-Hirschman concentration index has also shown a value of 0.33 for Iran's private banks and 0.63 for state banks, so credits in private banks have a higher diversity than state banks. According to the results of the research, more attention should be paid to diversifying credits in public and private banks, determining the optimal size of banks to take advantage of economies of scale, monitoring the central bank's compliance with Basel index standards and monitoring the maintenance of banks' cash balances for the unforeseen demand of the society. Among the effective policies to reduce the probability of bank bankruptcy in the country.
Public Sector Economics
Mohammad Bagher Shirmehenji; Mahdiyeh Moradizadeh; Mohammad Javad Nourahmadi
Abstract
The theoretical literature on fiscal decentralization has identified several channels for the impact of this policy on economic growth. In some literature, the positive effect of fiscal decentralization on economic growth has been emphasized, and in others, the reduction of economic growth following ...
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The theoretical literature on fiscal decentralization has identified several channels for the impact of this policy on economic growth. In some literature, the positive effect of fiscal decentralization on economic growth has been emphasized, and in others, the reduction of economic growth following the implementation of fiscal decentralization has been considered. Given this theoretical ambiguity, several studies in recent decades have attempted to examine the effect of fiscal decentralization on economic growth empirically. The results of this research are heterogeneous and even contradictory in some cases. To examine and conclude from these different results, this study uses a multilevel meta-analysis approach. For this purpose, after reviewing the content and results of empirical studies in the relevant field and filtering them based on the meta-analysis protocol, 23 cross-country studies including 506 regressions were selected for analysis, and Studies that violated the protocol were excluded. The result of combining and concluding individual studies shows that by controlling the publication bias and moderator variables, fiscal decentralization has a small and positive effect on economic growth.In addition, the results of this study showed that the indicators used to measure fiscal decentralization and economic growth, the period and sample of the countries under review, and the presence or absence of variables such that human capital, physical capital, investment rate, foreign investment, tax revenue, education, Unemployment rate, political stability, population growth, urbanization rate and public sector size In regression models available in individual studies are effective in explaining the heterogeneity in the findings of individual studies.
