parisa moghadasi; Sajjad Faraji Dizaji; Abbas Assari Arani
Abstract
Income inequality is one of the important and key issues in the economy, which, considering its function and consequences, can affect people's health in various ways and endanger the stability and stability of the socio-economic system. Today, most countries suffer from inequality in the distribution ...
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Income inequality is one of the important and key issues in the economy, which, considering its function and consequences, can affect people's health in various ways and endanger the stability and stability of the socio-economic system. Today, most countries suffer from inequality in the distribution of wealth and income due to various reasons. For this reason, this study examines the effect of the good governance index in reducing the effect of Covid-19 on income inequality using available data for countries that export more than 50,000 barrels of oil per day during the years 2000 to 2021 using a panel econometric model. The data has been paid. The results of the research show that the death rate from covid-19 has had a positive and significant effect on increasing income inequality in oil-rich countries. On the other hand, the variable of good governance *Covid-19 with a negative and significant effect on the variable of the Gini coefficient has reduced income inequality.
asharaf-sadat pasandideh; maryam keyghobadi; iraj pourkeivani
Abstract
Climate change and drought have intensified in recent decades in the country. These changes have caused the expansion of dust centers in some parts of the country, including in Khuzestan province. One of the adverse effects of dust storms is affecting the power grid and even causing blackouts in some ...
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Climate change and drought have intensified in recent decades in the country. These changes have caused the expansion of dust centers in some parts of the country, including in Khuzestan province. One of the adverse effects of dust storms is affecting the power grid and even causing blackouts in some cases. A disaster that occurred in Februey 2017 in Khuzestan province and had numerous economic consequences. In this article, a model for estimating blackout costs is provided. In this regard, the proxy method used to calculate costs. These costs include lost production costs for different groups of industrial, agricultural and public customers, lost leisure in the household customers sector and lost income for electricity companies of Khuzestan province. The results indicate that the damages and costs caused by the disaster were very extensive. It is necessary to consider this result in planning the stability of the country's electricity network, especially in areas prone to micro dust phenomenon.
Mansour Zarra Nezhad; maryam karimi kanouleh; salah ebrahimi
Abstract
Investigate the factors affecting the smuggling of goods as well as its effects on macroeconomic variables has been one of the most important issues in the field of macroeconomics. Examining this issue and its results has an important role in policy making in the field of goods smuggling. Considering ...
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Investigate the factors affecting the smuggling of goods as well as its effects on macroeconomic variables has been one of the most important issues in the field of macroeconomics. Examining this issue and its results has an important role in policy making in the field of goods smuggling. Considering this issue, the purpose of this article is to investigate the economic smuggling of goods as one of the obstacles to production using an empirical approach. Therefore, in this study, in addition to estimating the volume of goods smuggling in Iran using structural equation modeling during the period from 1350 to 1399, its impact on Iran's gross domestic product will also be investigated with a time series approach. The findings of this study showed that the average volume of goods smuggling in the period under review was about 22.53% of the official GDP. Also, based on other results of this study, smuggling as an obstacle to production has had a negative and significant impact on GDP in the 50-year period under investigation.
Public Sector Economics
Abbas Ramezani; Ladan Hajianvari
Abstract
Education has become increasingly importance from various perspectives, especially in terms of economics. One can dare to say that education accounts for the largest part of public expenses in all countries across the world. There are few people (who have studied the direct and indirect social and private ...
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Education has become increasingly importance from various perspectives, especially in terms of economics. One can dare to say that education accounts for the largest part of public expenses in all countries across the world. There are few people (who have studied the direct and indirect social and private benefits of education i.e., both public and higher education) who consider investment in education useless or even less useful. Nevertheless, there are still gaps in research on the way that government or private sector are involved in education, particularly with regards to Islamic viewpoints. The aim of this qualitative research is to analyze the economic role of the government in education with an emphasis on the perspective of Islam. In this regard, semi-structured interviews were conducted on 15 economics of education experts who were purposefully selected using snowball sampling until data saturation was achieved. The content of interviews was analyzed to elicit themes that can be used in a SWOT matrix. The findings indicate that government involvement in this field has strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, emphasizing the necessity for both the public and private sectors to jointly participate in the financing of education. With such cooperation, the government and the market can address current shortcomings and contribute to enhancing the quality of education.
Financial Economics
majid aghaei; Saeed Rasekhi; sara rangber
Abstract
Despite relative development in financial institutions, and the abundance of financial resources (income from oil sales), Iran has still struggled to experience high and sustainable economic growth rates, even facing negative growth rates in recent years. Therefore, investigating the influential factors ...
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Despite relative development in financial institutions, and the abundance of financial resources (income from oil sales), Iran has still struggled to experience high and sustainable economic growth rates, even facing negative growth rates in recent years. Therefore, investigating the influential factors in relationship between financial development and economic growth is crucial. Accordingly, this study examines the role and significance of oil resources (oil course) on the relationship between financial development and economic growth through investment channels using the ARDL bounding test during the period from 1980 to 2020. According to the research findings, financial development has a positive and significant impact on investment during the examined period, while the oil curse weakens this relationship and can indicate the indirect impact of the oil curse on the relationship between financial development and economic growth through investment channels in Iran. The interactive variable of financial development and the oil curse also had a negative and significant impact on investment during the examined period, indicating the financial system's inability to allocate resources effectively toward productive investments. Based on these results, it can be stated that the oil curse has affected the functioning of the financial sector in the Iranian economy and, by making this sector inefficient, has had a negative impact on investment, thus weakening the relationship between economic growth and financial development.
Financial Economics
parisa mohajeri; reza taleblou; Mina Yaghchi
Abstract
The strategic decision of determining the optimal capital structure is paramount for corporate managers, given its profound impact on company valuation and shareholder wealth. This study aims to discern the factors influencing capital structure, specifically financial leverage, with a concentrated focus ...
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The strategic decision of determining the optimal capital structure is paramount for corporate managers, given its profound impact on company valuation and shareholder wealth. This study aims to discern the factors influencing capital structure, specifically financial leverage, with a concentrated focus on uncertainties at both the industry and company levels, employing a multilevel panel model. Data spanning a 15-year period from 1387 to 1401 for 151 companies across 26 industries listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange were collected. R software facilitated the estimation of stock price volatility and stock market industry indices, followed by the application of Stata software to estimate the multilevel panel model. The results reveal several key insights: first, industry-level uncertainties exert a significant negative impact on leverage, while company-level uncertainties lack statistical significance. Second, Q-Tobin demonstrates a positive and substantial effect, whereas cash flow, profitability, tangible assets, and the market value-to-book value ratio exhibit negative and significant effects on leverage. Third, accounting for different levels and incorporating a random component in coefficient estimations enhance the model's explanatory power. Therefore, the multilevel panel model proves preferable over the fixed-effects panel model.
