Abolghasem Nader
Abstract
With regard to the role of resource allocation mechanisms on improving performance and the fact that the resource allocation conventional mechanisms are not effective, this article aims at developing a multi-stage process to explore the appropriateness of the mechanism through conducting statistical ...
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With regard to the role of resource allocation mechanisms on improving performance and the fact that the resource allocation conventional mechanisms are not effective, this article aims at developing a multi-stage process to explore the appropriateness of the mechanism through conducting statistical simulations. For that purpose, we use five sets of data on the performance of higher education units (HEUs) and conduct statistical simulation employing data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the Malmquistindex. First, efficiency scores of HEUs have been measured, then, resources have been reallocated based on the efficient situation of the units, and finally the effects of reallocation of resources on productivity changes have been evaluated using the Malmquist index. Findings show that inefficiency is a dominant phenomenon across the higher education units. Reallocation of resources affects the performance of the units substantially depending on the type of mechanism implemented. Efficiency-based allocation mechanism is found to be the most appropriate mechanism which simultaneously increases efficiency and productivity. As a result, the simultaneous improvement of efficiency and productivity is recommended as a crucial criterion to evaluate the appropriateness of resource allocation mechanisms employing statistical simulation based on DEA and Malmquist index.
Esfandiar Jahangard; parisa mohajeri; leila momeni
Abstract
The subject of labor force productivity changes during business cycles has been the focus of much debate among macroeconomics, which has gained less attention among studies focusing on Iranian Economy. In the study, we have aimed at empirically examining the role that labor force productivity fluctuations ...
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The subject of labor force productivity changes during business cycles has been the focus of much debate among macroeconomics, which has gained less attention among studies focusing on Iranian Economy. In the study, we have aimed at empirically examining the role that labor force productivity fluctuations play during economic cycles in the Iran using time-series data for the period of 2005Q2-2015Q1 by applying an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. In order to estimate relations, we have separated fluctuation and trend components based on Hodrick-Prescott filter. Based on our results, it is suggested that labor force productivity moves in alignment with GDP and increases in expansion periods and decreases in recession periods which indicate pro-cyclical behavior of labor force productivity in Iranian Economy. Second, in the last seasons of an expansion period, the role of labor force productivity fluctuations decreases in gross domestic product fluctuations which is along with the theory.
Seyed Mohammadreza Seyed Nourani; abass shakeri; amir khadem alizadeh; reza vafaee yeganeh
Abstract
Productivity is a behavioral trait that relies on relationship optimization and interaction between internal and external factors. Productivity derives its vitality from the fact that when it increases, total output can increase without increasing the factors involved in production. This study aimed ...
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Productivity is a behavioral trait that relies on relationship optimization and interaction between internal and external factors. Productivity derives its vitality from the fact that when it increases, total output can increase without increasing the factors involved in production. This study aimed to evaluate productivity (efficiency and effectiveness) of select banks in Islamic Republic of Iran’s Interest-Free Banking system. By using a numeric index method, indices of labor productivity, Intermediary inputs productivity, capital productivity and total factor productivity were measured in select commercial banks with and without considering effectiveness factor. Our findings suggest that average growth of labor productivity, capital and intermediate consumption in selected banks in the period under review was descending, the average productivity growth of deposits in banks in the study period was 0.2% and average total factor productivity growth without and with equivalent effectiveness indicators were 1.82 and -4.2% respectively.
mahmod mahmoodzadeh; Saleh Ghavidel; Seyedeh Fatemeh i Chavosh
Abstract
The aim of this study is to estimate the effect of e-commerce on employment and productivity in Iran, with an emphasis on B2C. The methodology of econometrics in this research is panel-data approach, based on provincial seasonal data from 2013 to 2015. Evidence shows that there are 14 million ...
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The aim of this study is to estimate the effect of e-commerce on employment and productivity in Iran, with an emphasis on B2C. The methodology of econometrics in this research is panel-data approach, based on provincial seasonal data from 2013 to 2015. Evidence shows that there are 14 million online shoppers and 17,000 online shops in Iran, and 2.4 percent of GDP and 11 percent of the retail trade is done electronically. Estimate in different ways indicate that e-commerce with an emphasis on B2C, increases economic productivity. The elasticity of productivity with respect to e-commerce, is estimated to be between 0.006 to 0.0108. In other hands, one percentage increase in share of e-commerce would increase GDP per capita in provinces between 0.006 to 0.0108 percent. The impact of e-commerce on employment is negative but statistically insignificant. Due to the positive effects of e-commerce on GDP per capita and its insignificant effect on unemployment rate, we conclude that e-commerce improved the productivity of labor during period under study.
Vahid Mehrbani
Abstract
While the human capital theory introduces higher education as a factor of productivity enhancement of labor force, but, by contrast, the filter theory denies this idea. The former contends that education as a whole phenomenon is an investment in human beings that enhances their productivity. On the other ...
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While the human capital theory introduces higher education as a factor of productivity enhancement of labor force, but, by contrast, the filter theory denies this idea. The former contends that education as a whole phenomenon is an investment in human beings that enhances their productivity. On the other hand, the latter claims that education exclusively in higher levels has no impact on labor productivity because higher education is irrelevant to productive potency. The aim of this paper is to investigate that challenge. Since the industry sector is the most important sector of any economy and its reliance on university graduates is very high, the viewpoint of two opponent theories is tested by using the data on Iranian industries in period 2003-2011. Findings suggest that proportional increase of university graduates leads to higher levels of productivity. This observation is specifically perceived in BA (BS) and MA (MS) levels but not in PhD level.
Mohammad Sayadi; Abbas Shakeri; Teymur Mohammadi; Javid Bahrami
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of oil revenue, productivity and money growth rate shocks on macroeconomic variables, in the context of a DSGE model with the consideration of features such as big size of government activities in the economy, inefficiency of government investment, ...
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The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of oil revenue, productivity and money growth rate shocks on macroeconomic variables, in the context of a DSGE model with the consideration of features such as big size of government activities in the economy, inefficiency of government investment, the need to invest in development of infrastructures, and existence of “National Development Fund” (NDF) to support private sector investment. The research findings based on RBC model, show that oil revenue shock has increased the consumption, government spending (both current and capital expenditures) and has decreased inflation in short-run; although because the oil shock is transferred to demand side, this situation leads to increase of inflation in medium-term. Our results show that when the oil revenue increases, the resources of NDF and consequently the share of credit granted to private sector will be raised and this can promote private sector production. In addition, because of the structure of Iranian economy, the increase in oil revenue has little effect on growth and development of production in non-oil producing sectors. Furthermore, the research findings show that when the inefficiency of public investments decreases, the investment of oil revenues has more positive effects on private sector production as a crowding-in effect phenomenon. Likewise, each of productivity and monetary shocks in the model has the same results as the theoretical expectations.
Alireza Amini; Ali Akbar Khosravinezhad; Shadi Rouhani
Volume 14, Issue 54 , October 2014, , Pages 175-212
Abstract
The genesis of innovation, the revolution in the conception of knowledge and improvement of related activities have established a new stage of development. This fundamental change in the economy leads to a tremendous change in the nature of activities and competition inside the country as well as other ...
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The genesis of innovation, the revolution in the conception of knowledge and improvement of related activities have established a new stage of development. This fundamental change in the economy leads to a tremendous change in the nature of activities and competition inside the country as well as other countries. In recent years, with the rise of knowledge based economy, innovation has played an important role in the economy. For this reason, developed economies are often so-called “innovation based economies”. This article studies the innovation effect on the growth of total factor productivity using panel data for 16 developing countries for years spanning 1996 to 2007. In this study, variables such as amount of recorded patents in one million populations, research and development expenditure (% gross domestic production) and amount of researchers in one million populations have been used as proxy measures of innovation ??combined student registration rate is a proxy for human capital. The results indicate that the variables have positive and significant effects on total factor production.
Farhad Khodadad Kashi; Haniye Firoozjang
Volume 13, Issue 49 , July 2013, , Pages 49-74
Abstract
Illegal importation of goods (smuggling), is one of the most important barrier of economic growth in Iran. Smuggling is a serious challenge to development of industrial sector and entrepreneurship and a barrier to the expansion of productive capacity of Iranian Economy. Iranian textile industry ...
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Illegal importation of goods (smuggling), is one of the most important barrier of economic growth in Iran. Smuggling is a serious challenge to development of industrial sector and entrepreneurship and a barrier to the expansion of productive capacity of Iranian Economy. Iranian textile industry is adversely affected by smuggling. In addition to smuggling, old and worn machinery, low productivity, lack of access to liquidity and low scale of production are the main problems of the Iranian textile industry. In this paper we attempt to evaluate the effects of smuggling on productivity of Iranian textile industry during the period 1996-2007. To achieve this goal, we first estimate the volume of smuggling and then, by applying the ARDL method, we analyze the effects of smuggling on the productivity of textile industry. Our findings indicate that smuggling has a significant and negative effect on productivity growth of Iranian textile industry.
Nader Dashti; Kazem Yavari; hosein sadeghi soghdel
Volume 11, Issue 40 , April 2011, , Pages 71-95
Abstract
Abstract
Technological evolutions as one of basic resources of productivity growth plays a significant role in economic growth. Therefore, after world war ІІ, the determination of measure and bias of technological change has been subject of many ...
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Abstract
Technological evolutions as one of basic resources of productivity growth plays a significant role in economic growth. Therefore, after world war ІІ, the determination of measure and bias of technological change has been subject of many research efforts.
In this paper we have studied on the trend and bias of technological change in Iran’s industry by econometric approach from 1971 to 2008. We estimated a translog cost function in addition to equations system of cost share, using Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR) approach. The results show that the rate of technological change has been -1.10 percent during the study years. It means that there is a decline in rate of cost of productive units over time. Furthermore, the results indicate that technological change has been biased towards the use of more energy and material, while labor and capital have been saved.
