Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
Abstract
The genesis of innovation, the revolution in the conception of knowledge and improvement of related activities have established a new stage of development. This fundamental change in the economy leads to a tremendous change in the nature of activities and competition inside the country as well as other countries. In recent years, with the rise of knowledge based economy, innovation has played an important role in the economy. For this reason, developed economies are often so-called “innovation based economies”.
This article studies the innovation effect on the growth of total factor productivity using panel data for 16 developing countries for years spanning 1996 to 2007. In this study, variables such as amount of recorded patents in one million populations, research and development expenditure (% gross domestic production) and amount of researchers in one million populations have been used as proxy measures of innovation ??combined student registration rate is a proxy for human capital. The results indicate that the variables have positive and significant effects on total factor production.
Keywords
امینی، علیرضا و زهره حجازی آزاد (1387)، «تحلیل نقش سرمایه انسانی و پژوهش و توسعه در ارتقای بهره‌وری کل عوامل (TFP) در اقتصاد ایران»، فصلنامه پژوهش‌های اقتصادی ایران، سال دهم، شماره 35.
امینی، علیرضا، هستی ریسمانچی و علیرضا فرهادی‌کیا (1389)، «تحلیل نقش سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی در ارتقای بهره‌وری کل عوامل؛ یک تحلیل داده‌های تابلویی بین کشوری»، فصلنامه پژوهش‌های اقتصادی ایران، سال سیزدهم، شماره 43.
انتظاری، یعقوب (1384)، «اقتصاد نوآور: الگویی جدید برای تحلیل سیاست‌گذاری توسعه علوم، فناوری و نوآوری»، فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی در آموزش عالی، شماره 35 و 36.
ربیعی، مهناز (1388)، «اثر نوآوری و سرمایه انسانی بر رشد اقتصادی در ایران»، مجله دانش و توسعه، سال شانزدهم، شماره 26.
شاکری، عباس و تقی سالاری (1388)، «اثر مخارج تحقیق و توسعه بر اختراعات و رشد اقتصادی (تحلیل مقایسه‌ای بین کشورهای در‌حال‌توسعه و توسعه‌یافته)»، نشریه دانش و توسعه، شماره 29.
واعظ، محمد، سیدکمیل طیبی و عبدالله قنبری (1386)، «نقش هزینه‌های تحقیق و توسعه در ارزش‌افزوده صنایع با فناوری بالا»، فصلنامه بررسی‌های اقتصادی، شماره 4.
Abaszade Talarposhti, Z. (2012), “The Investigation of Effect of R&D on Total Factor Productivity in Iran”. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 2(4).
Baldwin, J. (2001), Speaking Notes for Appearance before Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology, Ottawa, Canada: Statistics Canada.
Bush, V. (1945), Science, the Endless Frontier. National Science Foundation, Washington D. C.
Cameron, G. and J. Muellbauer (1994), R&D, Productivity, and the Case for a UK R&D Tax Credit. Nuffield College, Oxford.
Chang, C. L. and S. Robin (2008), “Public Policy, Innovation and Total Factor Productivity :An application to Taiwan’s Manufacturing industry”, Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, No.79.
Chen, Derek H. C. and H. Kee (2005), “A Model on Knowledge and Endogenous Growth”, World Bank, Working Paper 3539.
Crespi, F. and M. Pianta (2008), “Diversity in Innovation and Productivity in Europe”, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, No. 18.
Drucker, P. (1993), “Post-Capitalist Society. New York: Harper Collins”. Nonaka, I kujiro. 1994. A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation. Organization Science, Vol. 5.
Edwards, S. (1992), “Trade Orientation, Distortions and Growth in Developing Countries”, Journal of Development Economics, No.39.
Edwards, S. (1998), “Openness, Productivity and Growth :What We Really Know?”, Economic Journal, No.108.
Fagerberg, J. (2002), “A Layman`s Guide to Evolutionary Economics”, International Conference: Industrial R&D and Innovation Policy Learning, Evolutionary Perspective and New Methods for Impact Assessment, organised by Norges Forskningråd (SAKI).
Fagerberg, J. (2003), Innovation: A Guide to the Literature, Center for Technology, Innovation and Culture.
Geriliches, Z. (1995), “Patent Statistics as Economic Indicator”, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 92.
INSEAD (2008), Global Innovation Index 2007-2008.
INSEAD (2009), Global Innovation Index 2008-2009.
INSEAD (2010), Global Innovation Index 2009-2010.
INSEAD (2013), Global Innovation Index 2012.
Griffith, R.; E. Huergo, J. Mairesse and B. Peters (2006), “Innovation and Productivity Across four European Countries”. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Vol. 22, No. 4.
http://en.eustat.es/documentos/datos/PI_metod/IDH_1_3_i.asp#axzz2Hq29D7c3,WebEustat. International Standard Classification of Education ISCED 1997
Jones, C. I. (1995), “R&D-Based Models of Economic Growth”, The Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 103, No. 4.
Lucas, R. E. (1988), “On the Mechanics of Economic Development”, Jurnal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 22(1).
Marki, M. and P. J. Lane (2007), “A Search Theoretic Model of Productivity”, Science and Innovation. R& D Management, Vol. 4, No. 37.
Medda, G. and C. Piga (2003), On the Relationship between R&D and Productivity: A Treatment Effect Analysis. Department of Economics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Nelson, R. and E. Phelps (1966), “Investment in Humans, Technological Diffusion, and Economic Growth”. American Economic Review, Vol. 56.
Nightingale, P. (1998), “A Cognitive Model of Innovation”, Research Policy, Vol. 27.
OECD, (1996). “The Knowledge- Based Economy”.
OECD, (2008). “The Knowledge- Based Economy”.
OECD (1993), “The Measurement of Scientific Activities: Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys of Research and Experimental Development”, Paris.
Ortega, C. and A. G. Marin (2008), “Exploring the Relationship between R&D and Productivity: A Country-Level Study”, The Central Bank of Chile, Working Paper. No. 472.
Parisi, M. L., F. Schiantarelli and A. Sembenelli (2006), “Productivity, Innovation and R&D: Micro evidence for Italy”. European Economic Review, Issue 50.
Romer, D. (2001), Advanced Macroeconomics, McGraw-Hill, Irwin.
Romer, P. M. (1990), “Endogenous Technological Change”. Journal of Political Economy, Vol 98, No 5.
Romer, P. (1990), “Endogenous Technological Change”, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 98, No. 5.
Romer, Paul M. (1986), “Increasing Returns and Long Run Growth”, Journal ofPolitical Economy, 94.
Schultz, T. (1961), “Investment in Human Capital”, The AmericanEconomic Review 51(1).
Schumpeter, J. (1942), Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, 2nd Edition, George Alle London.
Solow, R. (1956), “A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth”. Quarterly Journal of Economy, No. 70.
Tang, J. and C. D. Lee (2007), “Multidimensional Innovation and Productivity”, Econ. Innov. New Techn, Vol. 16.
Ulku, H. (2004), “R&D, Innovation, and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis”. IMF Working Paper.
World Bank (2004), “Promoting Innovation in Developing Countries”.
World Economic Forum (2011), “The World Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011”.
)