Saeed Moshiri; Maryam Parsa; Liela Darougar
Abstract
As a general-purpose technology, information and communication technology (ICT) leads to increasing productivity and economic growth in different sectors. Iran, as a semi-industrialized developing economy, has recently made relatively high level of investment on ICT in different sectors of the economy. ...
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As a general-purpose technology, information and communication technology (ICT) leads to increasing productivity and economic growth in different sectors. Iran, as a semi-industrialized developing economy, has recently made relatively high level of investment on ICT in different sectors of the economy. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between ICT sector and other sectors of the economy using an input-output table. We construct an input-output table with 37 sectors including ICT sector, using the updated IO table for year 2010. ICT goods production comprises 1.8 percent of total goods production and ICT service is 1.32 percent of the total service production. The results show that one unit increase in final demand for information technology (IT) products will increase total output by 1.63 units and one unit increase in final demand for communication technology (CT) products will increase total output by 2.18 units. The greatest impact of ICT in manufacturing sectors will be respectively in food and beverage, basic metal, and chemical products, and in the services sector in the wholesale, retail sale, financial intermediates, and real estate services. We also calculate the Average Propagation Length (APL) of the changes in the ICT final demand. The results indicate that the average propagation length of the changes in the ICT final demand is 1 for the services sector and 2 for the manufacturing industries.
Karim Emami
Abstract
Estimations and calculations show that the ICT market in Iran was around 320 billion IRRs in 2015, which is about 2.6% of gross domestic production (GPD). at the end of the sixth plan for social and economic development of Iran, it has been set that this amount should be increased to be more ...
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Estimations and calculations show that the ICT market in Iran was around 320 billion IRRs in 2015, which is about 2.6% of gross domestic production (GPD). at the end of the sixth plan for social and economic development of Iran, it has been set that this amount should be increased to be more than 5% of GDP and to be about 1000 billion IRRs. The present study will answer the following two questions. 1- Is increasing the share of ICT sector in GDP necessary? 2- How much does the economic growth change with one percentage increase in share of ICT sector in GDP? To answer these two questions, contribution of ICT sector on economic growth in Iran is first calculated through two methods of actual and potential contribution and then compared with each other. The results show that average GDP growth in Iran is about 3.8% for the period of 1990-2015 and, based on growth accounting, the potential contribution of ICT on economic growth is about half a percent. Actual contribution of ICT sector on growth has been higher than the potential share, except for years 1990 to 1992. Therefore, increasing value added of ICT sector increases GDP more than the increase of the value added of ICT sector, which is due to knowledge, market and network spillovers. Accordingly, increasing share of ICT sector in GDP is necessary during the sixth plan for economic development in Iran. Moreover, one percent increase in share of ICT sector in GDP increases economic growth at a rate of 0.93 percent.
Arian Daneshmand; Mohammad Sattarifar
Abstract
The role of information and communications technology (ICT) in promoting productivity growth has been the focus of much debate in the past few decades. To our knowledge, there is no prior study done on the Iranian economy that particularly has looked at the effect of internet use on labor productivity. ...
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The role of information and communications technology (ICT) in promoting productivity growth has been the focus of much debate in the past few decades. To our knowledge, there is no prior study done on the Iranian economy that particularly has looked at the effect of internet use on labor productivity. In this paper we explore short-run and long-run effects of internet use on labor productivity over the period 1989–2015 in Iran. We use autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach (Pesaran et al. 2001) within an augmented Solow (1956) growth model to examine contribution of internet use on labor productivity growth. We find that internet use has a positive long-run impact on labor productivity. Furthermore, the Toda and Yamamoto (1995) non-Granger causality test shows a bi-directional causal relationship between internet use and labor productivity.
Mohammad Ghasemi; Mahdi Faghihi; Parisa Alizadeh
Abstract
Subject of this article is analysis of requirements to achieve a knowledge-based economy at the macro level, and in particular, legal frameworks necessary for realization of knowledge-based economy in Iran. For this purpose, a framework, that is close to the one developed by Australian Bureau of Statistics ...
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Subject of this article is analysis of requirements to achieve a knowledge-based economy at the macro level, and in particular, legal frameworks necessary for realization of knowledge-based economy in Iran. For this purpose, a framework, that is close to the one developed by Australian Bureau of Statistics is used in which, knowledge-based economy consists of four main dimensions: context (institutional and economic structure), human capital, information and communication technology, and innovation and entrepreneurship. The results show that despite different laws and regulations in development programs and other permanent laws, current situation in Iran is far away from a coherent and comprehensive legal framework to move towards a knowledge-based economy. In the field of entrepreneurship and innovation, there are several legal weaknesses. Compared to the previous two pillars, human resources development and information and communication technology are more acceptable in current legal framework. Also, using the World Economic Forum's competitiveness framework, structural reform priorities to establish a knowledge-based economy in Iran are mentioned in this study.
mahmod mahmoodzadeh; Saleh Ghavidel; Seyedeh Fatemeh i Chavosh
Abstract
The aim of this study is to estimate the effect of e-commerce on employment and productivity in Iran, with an emphasis on B2C. The methodology of econometrics in this research is panel-data approach, based on provincial seasonal data from 2013 to 2015. Evidence shows that there are 14 million ...
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The aim of this study is to estimate the effect of e-commerce on employment and productivity in Iran, with an emphasis on B2C. The methodology of econometrics in this research is panel-data approach, based on provincial seasonal data from 2013 to 2015. Evidence shows that there are 14 million online shoppers and 17,000 online shops in Iran, and 2.4 percent of GDP and 11 percent of the retail trade is done electronically. Estimate in different ways indicate that e-commerce with an emphasis on B2C, increases economic productivity. The elasticity of productivity with respect to e-commerce, is estimated to be between 0.006 to 0.0108. In other hands, one percentage increase in share of e-commerce would increase GDP per capita in provinces between 0.006 to 0.0108 percent. The impact of e-commerce on employment is negative but statistically insignificant. Due to the positive effects of e-commerce on GDP per capita and its insignificant effect on unemployment rate, we conclude that e-commerce improved the productivity of labor during period under study.
Ali Asghar Salem
Abstract
The spread of information and communication technology and its effects on information and data transfer, in association with high quality education, a favorable economic regime, and innovation in economy, has played an indispensable role in sustainable growth and development. This study is conducted ...
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The spread of information and communication technology and its effects on information and data transfer, in association with high quality education, a favorable economic regime, and innovation in economy, has played an indispensable role in sustainable growth and development. This study is conducted to identify the role and effect of knowledge-based economy on economic growth within the context of existing economic literature. In this line, relying on principles of economic growth models, a model is estimated in the framework of a panel data model, considering the knowledge-based economy index of 139 selected countries during period 2010 to 2014. This research focuses not only on basic production inputs, i.e. capital and labor, but also on social capital and knowledge-based economy as two of the most important factors of production, and it show the role of social capital in economic growth. Our results show a positive and significant effect of the knowledge-based economy index on economic growth among the set of selected countries.
Mohammad Ali Moradi; Mohammadreza Hedayati
Abstract
Nowadays, digitalization of economy in order to achieve productivity enhancement, improvement of economic growth and job creation has become one of dominant approaches in most countries all over the world. Considering the traditional structures governing the country's production and trade and the lower ...
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Nowadays, digitalization of economy in order to achieve productivity enhancement, improvement of economic growth and job creation has become one of dominant approaches in most countries all over the world. Considering the traditional structures governing the country's production and trade and the lower competitiveness of economy in Iran, accompanied by lower productivity growth, lower economic growth and higher unemployment rates, the development of a digital economy to solve some of these problems is a requirement and not a choice. The purpose of this research is to design a model that can transform the country from a resource-based economy to a digital economy. To prepare, compile and design a transition model, a multi-stage methodology is employed. In the first step, the transition literature is reviewed and based on the findings, some dimensions of transition model are identified. In the second step, “ground theory” approach is used to develop and design an evolutionary transition model to digital economy. This model examines and analyzes tacit knowledge and experiences of experts on digital economy that are collected through interviews based on qualitative data collection approach from experts. The findings of the expert interviews are a collection of narratives, codes, and documents showing knowledge and experiences of interviewees. The existing narratives of experts are the basis for the classifications of subjects. The method of analyzing these data is coding. The coding method has three steps: open coding, axial encoding and selective encoding. ATLAS.ti software is used to analyze qualitative data collected through interviews. Finally, by synthesizing the findings of the literature review as well as findings of interviews, the transition model is identified and introduced based on a logical structure of the designing and the evolutionary process of transferring the Iranian economy from the present state to a digital economy. The findings reveal that the evolutionary process of the transition model to digital economy in Iran is based on following dimensions: Identification of the status quo, providing requirements for achieving digital economy, explaining strategies and policies for growth and development of digital economy, identifying opportunities existing in digital economy, developing the applications of the digital economy and the optimum situation, namely the achievement of the digital economy.
Seyed Mohammad Ali Khatami Firouzabadi; Masoud Asgarimehr; Farkhondeh Mortaz Hejri
Abstract
E-business as one of the enablers of the economy and a subset of information technology has grown substantially in the past decade. Today’s global markets is changing and transforming from industrial market to a science and technology one. In other words, today's business environment has reshaped ...
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E-business as one of the enablers of the economy and a subset of information technology has grown substantially in the past decade. Today’s global markets is changing and transforming from industrial market to a science and technology one. In other words, today's business environment has reshaped from physical to electronic and has transformed traditional and offline markets. Successful investors have accepted transformation of traditional business to e-business so that policies of commercial enterprises in adoption and deployment of e-business are effective and efficient in order to enter international markets and attract new customers. The importance of e-business environment and high degree of its acceptance by people and businesses, have led to feel the importance of planning and development of e-business strategies and frameworks. This study, presents the results of a project administered by Ministry of Information and Communications Technology of Iran, named “Electronic business development strategies in the context of facilitating and improving the business environment “.The purpose of this project is to extract and codify the business development strategies in the field of communications and technology, which has been designed and implemented in four phases.The fourth and final phase of this project, presents a new model based on e-readiness frameworks and was confirmed by using Smart PLS software. Finally, the e-business development strategies have extracted and classified based on confirmed model and SWOT analysis.
