Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 PhD student in Economics, Allameh Tabataba`i University
2 Professor of Allameh Tabataba`i University
3 Associate Professor, Allameh Tabataba`i University
4 Associate Professor, Tehran University
Abstract
The Followingfollowing paper explores cooperation among Caspian Sea countries for natural
gas exporting to Europe. What is puzzling here is whether environmental requirements, in
Nabucoo and Trans Caspian Sea gas projects, play an important role in the strategic decision
process among three gas-exporting countries in the region: Iran, Azerbayejan and
Turkmenistan. using Maskin’s cooperation model, considering externality, , coalition
among natural gas exporters and importers for the Projects has been explored
In this paper we answer the question whether a coalition should be formed between the three
countries to export gas to Europe. We also calculate the bargaining power of these two
countries (or three countries?!).
The results show that (or all?!) countries have profits to make the coalition for gas exporting
among the Nabucoo project. Given the environmental requirements, Trans Caspian is less
Economical than Nabucco so Iran can play important and active role to form a coalition to
export gas to Europe in the Nabucco project.
Keywords
. اقتصاد انرژ ، ی سال هشتم ، شماره 28
تحلیل سیاست صادرات گاز به کشورهای « ، ( جعفرزاده، امیر و عبدالساده نیسی ( 1391
فصلنامه اقتصاد محیط زیست و ،« هند و پاکستان در چهارچوب نظریه بازی ها
. انرژ ، ی شماره 2
. مجله مجلس و پژوه ، ش سال نهم، شماره 34
عبدلی، قهرمان ( 1392 )، نظریه باز یها و کاربردهای آن ( باز یهای اطلاعات ناقص،
تکاملی و همکارانه)، سازمان مطالعه و تدوین کتب علوم انسانی دانشگاه ها (سمت)،
مرکز تحقیق و توسعه علوم انسانی.
مصلح، کامران و دیگران ( 1387 )، استفاده بهینه از منابع گازی در ایرا ، ن تهران، مجلس
شورای اسلامی، مرکز پژوهش ها.
Muthoo, A. (1999), Bargaining Theory with Applications, Cambridge
University Press.
van den Nouweland, A. (2005), Models of Network Formation in
Cooperative Games. Cambridge University Press.
Agayev, Z. and Z. Schneeweiss (2012), “Nabucco West Selected As
Potential Route for Azeri Gas”. Retrieved July 15, 2012, from
Bloomberg.com: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/ 2012-06-
28/nabucco-west-selected-as-potentaial-route-for-azeri-gas.html
Aseeva, A. (2011), “EU-Russia Energy Relations: the Role of
International Law from Energy Investment and Transit
Perspective”. Geneve: Institut Europeen De L'université De
Genéve.
Barysch, K. (2010), “Should the Nabucco Pipeline Project be
Shelved?” Transatlantic Academy Paper Series.
BP (2014), BP Statistical Review of World Energy. BP
Rodica, Branzei, Dinko Dimitrov and Stef Tijs (2005), Models in
Cooperative Game Theory: Crisp, Fuzzy and Multichoice Games,
Springer.
Energy Loss Database, Willis (A Global Risk Advisor, Insurance and
Reinsurance Broker).
Panic Selling.
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/38b246ba-6bb9-11e3-85b1-00144feabdc0.
html#axzz3Dr9fHyUc
Hubert, Franz and S. Ikonnikova (2004), “HoldUp, Multilateral
Bargaining, and Strategic Investment: The Eurasian Supply Chain
for Natural Gas”. Humboldt University Discussion Paper.
Hubert, Franz and Ekaterina Orlova (2012), “Competition or
Countervailing Power for the European Gas Market”, Working
Paper.
Segal, I. (2003), “Collusion, Exclusion and Inclusion in Random-
Order Bargaining”. Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 70, pp 439-
460.
IEA (2013), World Energy Outlook
Ikonnikova, Svetlana (2005), “Coalition Formation Barganing and
Investment in Network with Externalities: Analysis of the Eurasian
Gas Supply Netwotk”, MPRA Paper, No. 915.
Castro, J., D. Gomez and J. Tejada (2009), “Polynomial Calculation of
the Shapley Value Based on Sampling”. Computers & Operations
Research, vol. 36(5), pp 1726-1730.
Stern, J. (2007), “Gas-OPEC: A Distraction from Important Issues of
Russian Gas Supply to Europe”. Oxford Energy Comment.
Nash Jr, J. F. (1950), “The bargaining problem”. Econometrica, Vol.
18(2), pp 155-162.
Osborne, Martin J. and Ariel Rubinstein (2011), A Course in Game
Theory, MIT Press.
Maskin, Erik (2003), “Coalitional Bargaining with Externalities”,
Keynote lecture for the European Economic Association
Conference 2003, Stockholm.
Natural Gas Pipeline Project”, P.E. ADB South Asia Energy
Division ADB South Asia Energy Division November.
Munawar, Ahmad (2003), Gas Infrastructure Augmentation and Long
Term Planning, Managing Director, SUI Southern Gas Company
Limited, Karachi.
Oil and Gas Journal’s Annual Pipeline Economics Special Report 2013.
Pirani Simon & Others (2014), What the Ukraine Crisis Means for
Gas Markets, Oxeford University.
Shapley , L. A. (1953), “Value for N-Person Games”. In H. Kuhn and
A. Tucker, Contribution to the Theory of Games II, Page 307.
Princeton University Press.
Shapley, L. and M. Shubik (1969), “On Market Games”, Journal of
Economic Theory, Vol. 1, pp 9-25.
Tsolova, Tsvetelia and Henning Gloystein (2013). “Nabucco pipeline
Boosts Prospects with Azeri Deal”. Reuters. Retrieved 15
March 2013.
)