Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Lecturer, Karaj Azad University, Faculty of Business
2 Department of Islamic Economics, Faculty of Economics, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the Takaful tax system based on Islamic principles, emphasizing the role of the mosque as an economic-spiritual institution. The Takaful tax is a system in which, to ensure a standard standard of living, the mosque (as the primary institution) levies Islamic taxes, such as Zakat funds, on the poor, and the proceeds are used for skills training and job creation for them. An agent-based model has been employed to implement this. Within this framework, 800 agents with spiritual and psychological characteristics (faith, piety, trust, individual discount rates, social identity, and fear) and initial wealth distribution are considered. Accordingly, spiritual variables are derived through updates and specific conditions in the Takaful tax (Khums, charities, and alms) based on Quranic verses and Hadiths, utilizing calibrated parameters. Here, the mosque acts as an intervening variable. Numerical simulations indicated that faith has a significant impact on Takaful tax payment, but its effect on wealth distribution is limited. According to sensitivity analysis, the trust threshold and mosque education play an effective role in the Takaful-based tax system. Therefore, it is suggested that to strengthen the collection and fair distribution system of Takaful tax, policymakers should prioritize raising the public trust threshold and improving the efficiency of mosque education. Both of these components have a significant impact on payments and human capital. Whereas, increasing faith alone, without supervisory institutions, does not significantly alter wealth distribution.
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