ali eskandaripour; davoud mahmoudinia; azadeh yousefi
Abstract
The global financial crisis has increased the attention of scholars to stabilization and sustainability of government's fiscal policies in recent years. The crisis also reminded governments that they should have a special look at their debt sustainability so that they can repay their debts in different ...
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The global financial crisis has increased the attention of scholars to stabilization and sustainability of government's fiscal policies in recent years. The crisis also reminded governments that they should have a special look at their debt sustainability so that they can repay their debts in different scenarios, including economic recession, at a minimum, in order not to enter a Ponzi game. In recent years, the level of debt in many developed and developing countries have been increasing, and Iran was not an exception to this phenomenon. Given that Iran is an oil-exporting country and its budget is heavily dependent on oil revenues, the lack of an optimal route could have significant effects, including that it could lead to revenues from the sale of oil to repay debt, as well as imposing heavy debt burden on future generations. Hence, in this study, we try to extract the equilibrium debt path in Iranian economy in a framework of an endogenous growth model and compare it with the actual debt path in Iran. The results of simulating equilibrium equations show that the equilibrium path of debt in Iranian economy is lower than its actual path. Therefore, as a policy recommendation, fiscal authorities of the country should pay particular attention to budget deficit and debt and, through a proper taxation system and the correct utilization of oil revenues, can make the actual debt path close to its optimum level to prevent excessive government borrowing from banking system and the negative consequences it poses.
Mohamad Ghasemi; parisa mohajeri
Volume 15, Issue 56 , April 2015, , Pages 75-104
Abstract
Economic fluctuations and emergence of commercial cycles are inseparable parts of any economy. It is obvious that anti-cyclical behaviour of fiscal policies will stabilize the fluctuations. In fact, if the ratio of government expenditure to GDP decreases (increases) during a boom (recession) the behaviour ...
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Economic fluctuations and emergence of commercial cycles are inseparable parts of any economy. It is obvious that anti-cyclical behaviour of fiscal policies will stabilize the fluctuations. In fact, if the ratio of government expenditure to GDP decreases (increases) during a boom (recession) the behaviour of fiscal policy will be anti-cyclical. In this paper, using data released by the Central Bank for the period between 1966 and 2013, a model has been developed to test the anti-cyclical behaviour of fiscal policies in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Findings of this paper indicate that, firstly, regardless of the calculation method of time series of GDP fluctuations– Hodrick-Prescott and State-Space models– the hypothesis of Iran’s anti-cyclical fiscal policies is rejected. Secondly, Nonconformity of financial rules and means of injection of resources resulted from oil export into government budget are two crucial issues explaining why Iran’s fiscal policies are not anti-cyclical. Thus, institutional reforms, especially budgetary structure of the country, could improve the performance of fiscal policies during the economic cycles
Mahmoud Eisavi; Vahhab Ghelich
Volume 15, Issue 56 , April 2015, , Pages 105-134
Abstract
Having looked at the economic history of Iran indicates that the budget deficit and it's financing has proved to be one of the important problems of governments. Acknowledging the securities requirements with purpose of Effectiveness in financing budget deficit through the IS-LM model constitutes the ...
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Having looked at the economic history of Iran indicates that the budget deficit and it's financing has proved to be one of the important problems of governments. Acknowledging the securities requirements with purpose of Effectiveness in financing budget deficit through the IS-LM model constitutes the first part of this research. Findings of the first part denote that stability of budget deficit has recorded a condition which output has been increased. "Can sukuk contribute to this stable condition?" is the second question of the paper. Financial deepening, diminishing of symmetric information and little capital aggregation are characteristics of sukuk which give positive answer to this question. This paper proposes applying sukuk for budget deficit financing in two models: Ijarah sukuk and Istisna sukuk. The results denote that these securities can decrease the government's budget deficit.
Mohammad Mowlaei; Abolghasem Golkhandan
Volume 14, Issue 53 , July 2014, , Pages 83-108
Abstract
The budget deficit policy is one of the fiscal policy instruments for eliminating the shortage of government revenues and achieving targeted economic growth in many countries. In recent years, for various economic problems in Iran, governments get some parts of the budget deficit from different sources. ...
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The budget deficit policy is one of the fiscal policy instruments for eliminating the shortage of government revenues and achieving targeted economic growth in many countries. In recent years, for various economic problems in Iran, governments get some parts of the budget deficit from different sources. Foreign borrowing is one of the sources of deficit financing and the ways of using it may have positive and negative effects on economic growth. In this paper the empirical relationship between budget deficit and economic growth of Iran in the period 1980-2011 is analyzed in long and short run applying Johansen and Juselius co-integration method and vector error correction model (VECM). Results suggest that the impact of external debt on economic growth is negative and significant in the long run and short run. Thus, the optimal foreign borrowing and the other sources of deficit financing should be used for increasing employment and the high efficiency projects and the ability to pay foreign and domestic debts are necessary for achieving the targeted growth.
Zahra Afshari; Shamsolah Shirin Bakhsh; Maryam Beheshti
Volume 12, Issue 45 , July 2012, , Pages 27-54
Abstract
An oil-producing country face fiscal challenges arising from the fact that oil revenue is exhaustible, volatile, and uncertain and largely originates from abroad. The dependence of government revenue on oil proceeds which are unpredictable significantly complicates fiscal management policy in short and ...
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An oil-producing country face fiscal challenges arising from the fact that oil revenue is exhaustible, volatile, and uncertain and largely originates from abroad. The dependence of government revenue on oil proceeds which are unpredictable significantly complicates fiscal management policy in short and long run. Sustainability generally, concerns current and expected future policies. If governments do not expect current and future policies to lead to an intertemporal budget constraint, then the fiscal process would be unsustainable.
This paper has empirically examined the sustainability of fiscal policy in Iran and provides a theoretical framework for analyzing of the sustainability of fiscal policy based on the government intertemporal budget constraint. Co integration and multi co integration methodologies such as Engle-Granger and Johansen-Josilios as well as Barro’s (1979, 1986) Tax-Smoothing Model were used to evaluate fiscal budgeting processes in Iran. It was found that the fiscal budgeting process in Iran is not sustainable and the Iranian fiscal policy, as far as oil and gas income is concerned, is not a fully responsible policy. In addition the evidence in this research shows that the government spending and revenues in Iran are independent.
