Mahnoush Abdolah Milani; teymour mohammadi; solaleh tavassoli
Abstract
In the past few decades, the rapid growth of health expenditure among countries and considerable differences between per capita health expenditures in different countries, have led to extensive studies about determinants of health expenditures. The aim of this study is to identify such factors across ...
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In the past few decades, the rapid growth of health expenditure among countries and considerable differences between per capita health expenditures in different countries, have led to extensive studies about determinants of health expenditures. The aim of this study is to identify such factors across different countries which can be put into distinct income groups. For this purpose, panel data regression technique for 148 countries from 1995 to 2013 with fixed effects model was used. The results show that, in contrast to previous studies which use macro data analysis, the effect of population ageing in upper-middle- and high-income countries, which face the greatest rate of population ageing, on health expenditures was shown to be positive at a significant level. Income as being not the sole factor associated with health expenditure, our results show that life expectation and the share of young population (under 14) are among important factors. Another driver of health expenditure was revealed to be the total government expenditure as a share of GDP that was insignificant only for low income countries. This observation might reflect the trade off in domestic health expenditures made by the low-income countries as a result of receiving international aids. The income elasticity for all groups was below unity and suggestive of health care to be a necessity good in all countries.
Mahdi Taghavi; Nilufar Hosein Tash
Volume 11, Issue 42 , October 2011, , Pages 187-212
Abstract
One way to expand the trade flows of Iran is investigation and testing of the
new international trade patterns about Iran
!
s trade. So, analysing of gravity model
as the most applicable model of trade is useful .Gravity type models have often
been used to analyse trade flows based on the economic ...
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One way to expand the trade flows of Iran is investigation and testing of the
new international trade patterns about Iran
!
s trade. So, analysing of gravity model
as the most applicable model of trade is useful .Gravity type models have often
been used to analyse trade flows based on the economic sizes of (often using GDP
measurements) and distance between countries and trade blocks. In this paper, we
test the gravity equation for analysing of Iran
!
s export to 12 oil exporting countries.
Result shows that Iran
!
s export to developed oil exporting countries like UK and
Norway is according to the both factors of gravity model, contain GDP and
distance. Also, these results are significant with other oil exporting (developing)
countries. Although some countries like United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia,
Libya, Nigeria are exception. In fact, existing factors in gravity model (GDP and
distance) have no effect on determination of Iran
