Fatemeh Bazzazan; mahnaz smaeili; Fereshteh Farsi
Abstract
Today, tourism is one of the world's highest booming economic sectors and it is such important in socio-economic development that economists have called it “invisible export”. Given the expanding role of tourism in economic prosperity and the existence of religious and historic sites in Khorasan ...
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Today, tourism is one of the world's highest booming economic sectors and it is such important in socio-economic development that economists have called it “invisible export”. Given the expanding role of tourism in economic prosperity and the existence of religious and historic sites in Khorasan Razavi province, especially the Imam Reza holy shrine, the impact of tourism on the economy of Khorasan Razavi province is studied in form of a two-region input-output model. For this purpose, input-output coefficients of Khorasan Razavi province and other areas of Iran have been calculated with the use of FLQ non-statistical method from the national input-output table of the year 2011. By calculating direct and increasing coefficients of production and employment in Khorasan Razavi province and the rest of the national economy, a two-region input-output model is presented here. The expenditures paid by domestic tourists staying in the province have been added to our model as export of this province. Our findings show that because of domestic tourists in year 2011, production and employment in this province have been increased 12/11 and 11/47 percent respectively. Moreover, The manufacturing sector in Khorasan Razavi did have the highest level of output impact from the arrival of domestic tourists. The tourism-related sectors, such as transportation and warehousing on the one hand, and wholesale and retail on the other hand were placed in the second and third rank respectively.
mahmod mahmoodzadeh; Saleh Ghavidel; Seyedeh Fatemeh i Chavosh
Abstract
The aim of this study is to estimate the effect of e-commerce on employment and productivity in Iran, with an emphasis on B2C. The methodology of econometrics in this research is panel-data approach, based on provincial seasonal data from 2013 to 2015. Evidence shows that there are 14 million ...
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The aim of this study is to estimate the effect of e-commerce on employment and productivity in Iran, with an emphasis on B2C. The methodology of econometrics in this research is panel-data approach, based on provincial seasonal data from 2013 to 2015. Evidence shows that there are 14 million online shoppers and 17,000 online shops in Iran, and 2.4 percent of GDP and 11 percent of the retail trade is done electronically. Estimate in different ways indicate that e-commerce with an emphasis on B2C, increases economic productivity. The elasticity of productivity with respect to e-commerce, is estimated to be between 0.006 to 0.0108. In other hands, one percentage increase in share of e-commerce would increase GDP per capita in provinces between 0.006 to 0.0108 percent. The impact of e-commerce on employment is negative but statistically insignificant. Due to the positive effects of e-commerce on GDP per capita and its insignificant effect on unemployment rate, we conclude that e-commerce improved the productivity of labor during period under study.
Yousef Ghanbari; Raziyeh Nouri
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of microcredit provided by Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation (IKRF) on preventing rural outflow migrations. This study is an applied research, its methodology is descriptive-analitical and the instrument used was questionnaire. Without any need for ...
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of microcredit provided by Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation (IKRF) on preventing rural outflow migrations. This study is an applied research, its methodology is descriptive-analitical and the instrument used was questionnaire. Without any need for sampling, all 142 persons who received employment microcredits from IKRF in Khomein County in year 2014 were subjects of our study. Because of lack of access to all statistical population, questioning was conducted for 121 households and the resulting data were analyzed by using Wilcoxon test, t single sample, Pearson and structural equation modeling. The results of hypothesis tests using Pearson correlation coefficient show that microcredit provided by IKRF has a positive effect with beta 0/719 on the economic situation and household income and with beta coefficient of 0/340 on population sustainment with an error level of error of less than to %5. In addition, Pearson correlation coefficient for the relationship between household income and population sustainment is 0/369 for an error level of less than %5 and this result confirms this hypothesis. So creating jobs through microcredit and giving priority to investment for creation of new employment opportunities can be one of effective ways to prevent irrational migration from rural areas.
Saeid Isazadeh; Saeide Sadat Hosseini
Volume 14, Issue 55 , January 2015, , Pages 105-136
Abstract
In recent years China has been appeared as one of the main trading partners of Iran. This study analyzes the effects of trade with China on industrial employment of Iranian economy through panal data methodology and using data of Iranian industrial sector on the basis of 2-digit ISIC of the 1996 to 2011.Results ...
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In recent years China has been appeared as one of the main trading partners of Iran. This study analyzes the effects of trade with China on industrial employment of Iranian economy through panal data methodology and using data of Iranian industrial sector on the basis of 2-digit ISIC of the 1996 to 2011.Results for 22 subsectors show that importing from China reduces total employment level and exporting to china creates job opportunities.Estimates also show import penetration coefficient leads to a reduction in employment of male workers and export penetration coefficient has positive and significant effect on male and female employment levels. Results for 19 subsectors indicate that increasing in import penetration destroys manufacturing employment and the effect of exports becomes insignificantly positive .
Mohamad Reza Sadi; Mir Housain Mousavi
Volume 13, Issue 49 , July 2013, , Pages 177-198
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to study the factors and policies that affect employment in Iranian economy. To accomplish this purpose, ARDL dynamic model is applied to annual data during 1974-2007. By this method, the labor force demand in Iranian economy is estimated. The results show that in the short-run, ...
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The aim of this paper is to study the factors and policies that affect employment in Iranian economy. To accomplish this purpose, ARDL dynamic model is applied to annual data during 1974-2007. By this method, the labor force demand in Iranian economy is estimated. The results show that in the short-run, employment can increase by using the banking facilities and stimulating production. It is shown that in the long-run, the most important factor that can result in job creation is investment and the reason is that investment leads to economic growth and in this paper, it can be the leading factor of job creation. The size of the coefficients corresponding to employment in previous periods indicate low flexibility of labor market In Iranian economy and it is required to use proper policies and solutions to increase labor market flexibility in Iranian economy.
