Ali Hussein Samadi; Ebrahim Hadian; parviz rostamzadeh; hamzeh sheikhiani
Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of trade liberalization on income inequality with consideration of socio-institutional factors emphasized by resistance economy policies in Iran. To meet this end, the Decaluwe et al. (2013) model has been adjusted and it is solved based on ...
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The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of trade liberalization on income inequality with consideration of socio-institutional factors emphasized by resistance economy policies in Iran. To meet this end, the Decaluwe et al. (2013) model has been adjusted and it is solved based on Social Accounting Matrix data of year 2011. The results show that in current institutional situation of Iran, the reduction of tariffs in the agriculture, horticulture, forestry and mining sectors can reduce inequality and tariff reduction in sectors of food industry, low technology industries, high technology industries, higher education, transportation and other services will increase inequality in urban and rural areas. By reducing tariff rates in mid-tech industries, inequality in urban and rural areas initially decreases and then increase. Reducing tariffs in oil and gas and healthcare sectors does not affect inequality in urban and rural areas. It is also shown that in the case of implementing resistance economy policies and improving institutional quality, tariff rate reduction in all sectors of production will reduce inequality. Reducing tariff rates in primary and secondary education sectors, housing and other sectors that de not have any link to outside world has no effect on inequality, both in the current institutional situation and in the case of institutional quality improvement as a result of implementing resistance economy policies. Therefore, it is suggested that attention be paid to improvement of institutional quality in the country, along with the implementation of resistance economy policies.
Hassan Dargahi; Kazem Biabany Khameneh
Abstract
Expansion of foreign trade has important effects on energy intensity based on the structural conditions and economic nature of countries. In the present research the scale effect (the economy volume changing), the composite effect (the structure of economic activities changing) and the technical effect ...
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Expansion of foreign trade has important effects on energy intensity based on the structural conditions and economic nature of countries. In the present research the scale effect (the economy volume changing), the composite effect (the structure of economic activities changing) and the technical effect (productivity changing) resulting from the trade on the energy intensity of Iran economy, as one of the important economic-environmental indicators is investigated. For this purpose the empirical model of the research according to the economic theories by using the structural vector autoregression in 1353-1392 is modeled. The results of the model show that the trade expansion have positive scale and composite effects but negative technical effect on the energy intensity of Iran. Also the size of technical effect is bigger than the resultant of the two other effects. Therefore according to the results, increasing the volume of foreign trade has not energy intensive effect and there is evidence that energy intensity decreases from the total factors productivity channel (as an indicator of technical changes). Therefore the expansion of foreign trade in Iran is considered energy saving.
Mohsen Ebrahimi; Hamid Reza Larti
Volume 12, Issue 46 , October 2012, , Pages 1-26
Abstract
In recent decades, the policies of financial and trade liberalization have been considered in most of the world countries, and there are different experiences in this regard. Therefore, this study will review the effects of financial and trade liberalization on the production volatility in Iranian economy ...
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In recent decades, the policies of financial and trade liberalization have been considered in most of the world countries, and there are different experiences in this regard. Therefore, this study will review the effects of financial and trade liberalization on the production volatility in Iranian economy (with and without oil sector) by using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model for the period of 1960 to 2007. The results show that in the model that includes oil sector, trade liberalization has positive and significant effect, but financial liberalization has negative and non-significant effect on production volatility. In the model without oil, financial and trade liberalization policies both have a positive and significant effect on production volatility. In addition, the long-term relationships between the variables are approved. The value of error correction coefficient is estimated to be -0.49, which shows the amount of adjustment toward equilibrium values in the long-run. The structural stability tests for the model's strength are acceptable for the period of study.
