Ali Asghar Salem; Habib Morovat; Atefeh Heidary Milani; Masoumeh Azizkhani
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been a clear increase in ICT expenditures by households, both in value and as a proportion of total expenditure. Such a trend, however, has not affected all households in the same way. This study analyzes the socio-economic determinants of urban household expenditures ...
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Over the last decade, there has been a clear increase in ICT expenditures by households, both in value and as a proportion of total expenditure. Such a trend, however, has not affected all households in the same way. This study analyzes the socio-economic determinants of urban household expenditures on ICT goods and services in Iran in the year 2019 based on microdata from the Household Budget Surveys. To achieve this, we have applied Heckman's two-stage model, aiming to identify the determinants affecting the likelihood of spending on ICT and the amount spent. Our analysis further dissects ICT spending into its constituent components, including IT goods, IT services, communication goods, and communication services. Based on the results, per capita income has a significant and positive effect both on the probability of spending and the level of per capita ICT expenditures. Moreover, households led by male heads are more likely to engage in ICT spending, although their actual expenditures are lower. Households with larger sizes and households which have a married head are more likely to spend on ICT. The impact of education level and age of the household’s head on both the probability to use and the amount spent is positive and significant. There is a negative quadratic relationship between the age of the household’s head and both the probability of spending and the level of per capita ICT expenditures. Furthermore, consumption economies of scale exist in ICT expenditures. The likelihood of spending on all types of ICT components is positively influenced by per capita income, size of the household, education and age of the household’s head. Concerning the level of per capita expenditures on IT goods and communication goods and services, they are higher for households who have higher per capita income. There is a negative quadratic relationship between the age of the household’s head and both the probability of spending and the level of communication services expenditures. Households with highly educated heads tend to allocate higher budgets to communication goods and services. Lastly, consumption economies of scale are observed in IT goods, IT services, and communication services.
Ali Asqhar Salem; Habib Morovat; Reza Bakhtiarinejad
Abstract
Nowadays, Information and Communications Technology is growing rapidly due to the considerable increase in using knowledge-based theories in all countries, especially in developing economies such as Iran. As a non-competitive technology with unlimited use capacity, Information and Communications ...
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Nowadays, Information and Communications Technology is growing rapidly due to the considerable increase in using knowledge-based theories in all countries, especially in developing economies such as Iran. As a non-competitive technology with unlimited use capacity, Information and Communications Technology entry in the general application and social life shows its potential to affect social welfare. This study will evaluate the impact of Information and Communications Technology on Sen's Social Welfare Index in Iranian provinces using data from 2011 to 2016. The paper uses Feasible Generalized Least Squares method to capture variance heteroscedasticities and cross-section correlations. The results indicate that Information and Communications Technology has a significant and positive effect on Iranian social welfare. Moreover, variables such as industrialization, government spending, and urbanization have a substantial and positive impact on social welfare. The inflation rate, on the other hand, has a significant and negative effect.
Yousof Eisazadeh Roshan; Majid Aghaiee; Sammaneh Ghasemi
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of ICT improvement on the effect of financial intermediaries on economic growth in Iran's provinces. For this purpose, according to the classification of the Information Technology Organization, the provinces are divided into two groups of ...
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The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of ICT improvement on the effect of financial intermediaries on economic growth in Iran's provinces. For this purpose, according to the classification of the Information Technology Organization, the provinces are divided into two groups of provinces with the development of information and communication technology Higher and lower than average. Then, gather information and data required during two five-year periods 2006-2010, 2011-2015 and in the context of dynamic panel models using estimators GMM , the role of ICT in the effectiveness of financial intermediaries on economic growth in the two groups Provinces were tested and checked. The results of this study indicate that, first; the effect of financial intermediaries on the growth in both periods and in both groups of provinces is negative. Secondly: the level of ICT development reduces the negative effect of financial intermediaries on economic growth. Also, according to the results, the impact of the inflation rate and government size on economic growth in both groups of provinces was negative.
Arian Daneshmand; Mohammad Sattarifar
Abstract
The role of information and communications technology (ICT) in promoting productivity growth has been the focus of much debate in the past few decades. To our knowledge, there is no prior study done on the Iranian economy that particularly has looked at the effect of internet use on labor productivity. ...
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The role of information and communications technology (ICT) in promoting productivity growth has been the focus of much debate in the past few decades. To our knowledge, there is no prior study done on the Iranian economy that particularly has looked at the effect of internet use on labor productivity. In this paper we explore short-run and long-run effects of internet use on labor productivity over the period 1989–2015 in Iran. We use autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach (Pesaran et al. 2001) within an augmented Solow (1956) growth model to examine contribution of internet use on labor productivity growth. We find that internet use has a positive long-run impact on labor productivity. Furthermore, the Toda and Yamamoto (1995) non-Granger causality test shows a bi-directional causal relationship between internet use and labor productivity.
Ali Asghar Salem
Abstract
The spread of information and communication technology and its effects on information and data transfer, in association with high quality education, a favorable economic regime, and innovation in economy, has played an indispensable role in sustainable growth and development. This study is conducted ...
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The spread of information and communication technology and its effects on information and data transfer, in association with high quality education, a favorable economic regime, and innovation in economy, has played an indispensable role in sustainable growth and development. This study is conducted to identify the role and effect of knowledge-based economy on economic growth within the context of existing economic literature. In this line, relying on principles of economic growth models, a model is estimated in the framework of a panel data model, considering the knowledge-based economy index of 139 selected countries during period 2010 to 2014. This research focuses not only on basic production inputs, i.e. capital and labor, but also on social capital and knowledge-based economy as two of the most important factors of production, and it show the role of social capital in economic growth. Our results show a positive and significant effect of the knowledge-based economy index on economic growth among the set of selected countries.
