Narges Ahmadvand; Mohammad Alizadeh; Mohammad Hassan Fotros; Mahbobeh Delfan
Abstract
The government expenditure in economic affairs can act as a tool for creating and sustaining development by improving income distribution. Therefore, prioritization and optimal allocation of economic expenditures of governments will be so important. In this regard, the present study has investigated ...
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The government expenditure in economic affairs can act as a tool for creating and sustaining development by improving income distribution. Therefore, prioritization and optimal allocation of economic expenditures of governments will be so important. In this regard, the present study has investigated the impact of government expenditure on economic sector and related sub-sectors (agriculture, industry and mining, trade, information technology, energy, housing, transportation, environment, cooperatives affairs, and water resources) on income distribution in Iran's economy during business cycles. In this study, Markov Switching Auto Regressive model (MSAR) has been used to estimate time-series data during the time period between 1973 to 2019. The result of the study indicates that economic sector and agricultural, water resources and transportation subsectors during business cycles, “housing, trade, and cooperative affairs” subsectors during the boom periods, and the environment subsector during the recession periods have reduced income inequality significantly. Also, the government expenditure in industrial, mining, and energy subsectors during business cycles and information technology subsector during the boom periods have increased income inequality significantly. Finally, the subsectors of agricultural, water, industry and mining, commerce and cooperation, transportation have been more stable in the recession regime. Meanwhile, the economic sector and subsectors of information technology, housing and development, environment and energy have been more stable in the boom regime. Therefore, the components of government expenditure on income distribution have asymmetric behavior.
Mohammad Hassan Fotros; Mohammad Reza Farzin; Abolfazl Najarzadeh
Volume 11, Issue 40 , April 2011, , Pages 303-322
Abstract
The formation and appearance of the concept of knowledge-based economy seems bring changes in the national economies all over the world. Developed countries are experiencing a shift from traditional energy-based economies to knowledge economy based on of intellectual property factors. Innovation ...
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The formation and appearance of the concept of knowledge-based economy seems bring changes in the national economies all over the world. Developed countries are experiencing a shift from traditional energy-based economies to knowledge economy based on of intellectual property factors. Innovation plays an important role in the economic structures of knowledge-based (developed) as well as developing economies.
Assessing the eminent role of innovation in economic growth, this paper tries to investigate the importance of intellectual property rights on innovation. For this purpose, we use data of the period of1975- 2005 of Islamic developing countries and employ panel data methodology to analyze intellectual property rights on innovation. Results indicate a positive significant effect of intellectual property rights on innovation in the Islamic developing countries.
