Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

With regard to globalization process which lies in front of developing countries, finding a trade commercial pattern for countries in the world trade with a suitable trade partners and those countries which don’t want to be left behind in the world trade, is a necessary and important task. In this study the trade pattern of intra industry and inter industry of Iran in the year 2003 has been investigated with the gravity model. The results show that Iran in the iron and iron alloys sector and non alcoholic beverages and tobacco is functioning with intra-industry and differentiated product pattern, a fact which shows the stability of intra industry pattern of Iran in the regional and global level in these sectors.    

1. گاندولفو، جانکارلو. تجارت بین‌الملل. ترجمة مهدی تقوی و تیمور محمدی، تهران: پژوهشکده امور اقتصادی،‌ 1380.
2. مایر، جرالدین. فضای بین‌المللی تجارت: رقابت و حاکمیت در اقتصاد جهانی. ترجمة علی حبیبی. تهران: سازمان مدیریت و برنامه ریزی کشور، معاونت امور پشتیبانی ، مرکز مدارک علمی و انتشارات. 1382.
 
3. Anderson, James E. "A Theoretical Foundation for the Gravity Equation"., The American Economic Review, No. 69.1, 1979:106-116.
 
4. Anderson,. James E. Eric van Wincoop. "Border, Trade and Welfare"., NBER Woking Paper, w8515, (2001).
 
5. Anderson, James E. Eric van Wincoop. "Gravity with Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle"., The American Economic Review, No.93 (1), (2000): 170- 192.
 
6. Baldwin, Richard E. Towards an Integrated Europe. CEPR : London., 1994.
 
7. Bayoumi-Tamim and Eichengreen barry. "Is Regionalism Simply a Diversion? Evidence from The Evolution of the EC and EFTA"., NBER. Working Papers, 5283, (1995).
 
8. Baier, Scoott L. Bergstrand, Jeffrey H. "The Growth of World Trade: Tariffs, Transport Costs, and Income Similarity"., Journal of International Economics, No. 53, (2001): 1-27.
 
9. Bergstrand, Jeffrey H. "The Gravity Equation in International Trade: some Microeconomic Foundations and Empirical Evidence"., Review of Economic and Statistics , No. 67, (1989): 474- 481.
 
10. Bergstrand, Jeffrey H. "The Gravity Equation in International Trade: Some Microeconomic Foundations and Empirical Evidence"., Review of Economics and Statistics, No. 71, (1985):143-153.
 
11. Bergstrand, Jeffrey H. "The Generalized Gravity Equation, Monopolistic Competition and the Factor-Proportions Theory in International Trade"., Review of Economics and Statistics, No. 71, (1989): 143-153.
 
12. Davise, Donald R. "Intra – Industry Trade: A Hecksher – Ohlin – Ricardo Approach"., Journal of International Economics, No. 19, 3/4, (1995).
 
13. Davis, Donald R, (and David E. Weinstein). "Market Access, Economic Geography and Comparative Advantage: An Empirical Test"., Journal of International Economics, No. 59, (2003):1-23.
14. Deardorff, V. Alan. "Determinants of Bilateral Trade: Does Gravity Work in a Neoclassic World?"., NBER Working Paper, No. 5377, (1995).
 
15. Eichengreen, Barry. Taylor, Alan. "The Monetary Consequences of a Free Trade Area of the Americas"., NBER Working Papers, w 9666, (2003).
 
16. Evenett, Simon and Wolfgang Keller. "On Theories Explaining the Success of the Gravity Equation"., NBER Working Paper, No. 6529, (1998).
 
17. Feenestra, Robert C. Markusen. James A. Rose. Andrew K. "Ünderstanding the Home Market Effect and the Gravity Equation: The Role of Differentiating Goods"., The American Economic Review, (1999).
 
18. Frankel, Jeffrey A. Romer, David. Cyrus, Teresa. "Trade and Growth in East Asian countries: Cause and Effect?"., NBER Working Paper, No. 5732, (1995).
 
19. Frankel, Jeffrey A. "Is Japan Creating a Yen Blocin East Asia and the Pacific?"., NBER Working Paper, No.4050, (1992).
 
20. Frankel, Jeffrey A. Emesto, Stein. Shang, JinWei. "Regional Trading Agreements: Natural or Super – Natural?"., NBER Working Paper, No. 5431, (1996).
 
21. Frankel, Michael. Funke, Katja. Stadtmann, Geory. "A Panel Analysis of Bilateral FDI Flows to Emerging Economies"., Economics Systems, No. 28, (2004), pp. 281-300.
 
22. Kandogan, Yener. "Intra–Industry Trade of Transition Countries: Trends and Determinants"., Emerging MarketsReview, No. 4, (2003):272 - 286. 
 
23. Harrigan, James E. "Specialization and the Volume of Trade: Do the Data Obey the Laws?"., NBER. Woking Paper, w8675, (2001).
 
24. Haveman, Jon. Humels, David. "Alternative Hypotheses and the Volume of Trade: the Gravity Equation and the Extent of Specialization"., The American Economic Review, (2001).
 
25. Helpman, E. P. Krugman. Market Structure and Foreign Trade: Increasing Returns, Imperfect Competition and the International Economy. Cambridge, MA. MIT Press., 1985.
 
26. Helpman, E. "Imperfect Competition and International Trade: Evidence from Fourteen Industrial Countries"., Journal of Japanese and International Economy, Cambridge, MA. MIT Press., 1987.
 
27. Huchnson, William K. "Does Ease of Communication Increase Trade?"., Commonality of Language and Bilateral Trade. The American Economic Review, (2002).
 
28. Hummels, D. J. Levinsohn. "Monopolistic Competition and International Trade: Reconsidering the Evidence"., Quarterly Journal of Economics, No. 110 (3), (1995) :799- 836.
 
29. Pöynöhen, Pentti. "A Tentative Model for the Volume of Trade between Countries"., Weltwirtschafliches Archive, Vol. 90, (1963).
 
30. Rose, Andrewk. Spiegel, Mark M. "Agravity Model of Soverign Lending: Trade , Default and Credit"., Working Paper, No. 9285, (2002).
 
31. Rose, Andrewk. "One Money, One Market: Estimating the Effect of Common Currencies on Trade"., NBER Working Paper, (1999).
 
32. Schumacher, Dieter. "Home Market and Traditional Effects on comparative advantage in a Gravity Approach"., Discussion Papers, No.344, German Institute for Economic Research: Berlin, (2003).
 
33. Sohn, Chan-Hyun."Dose the Gravity Model fit Korea’s Trade Patterns?"., Implications for Korea’s FTA Policy” Center for International Trade Studies (CITs) Working papers, CTIs WP 2005-02, (2005).
 
34. Soloaga Isidro, L. Winters, Alan. "Regionalism in the Nineties: What Effect on Trade?"., North American Journal of Economics and Finance, No. 12, (2001): 1-29.
 
35. Wall, J. Howard. "Using the Gravity Model to Estimate the Costs of Protection"., January/February Review of Federal Bank of Saint Louis, (1999).
 
36. Wie, Shang-Jin. Jeffrey A, Frankel. "Open Rigonalism in a World of Continental Trade  Blocs"., NBER Working Paper, No. 5272, (1995).