Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

In this paper, the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) analysis, and quarterly series of statistics in the behavior of Iran's trade-balance against its main Trade partners have been dynamically analyzed and real effective exchange rate (REER) has been calculated as an important index and a determinant in the country's trade-balance fluctuations. The results indicate a long-run equilibrium among variables of the aggregate trade-balance pattern.
The dynamic effects among variables, based on impulse-response functions (IRFs) were analyzed as a result, the effect of devaluation on aggregate trade-balance in short-run confirms J-curve hypothesis. The decline trend for J-curve in the research has been estimated for two quarters of which nominal rigidity of import values in the international trade-balance, i.e, dependency of domestic sector on imports and inelastic real exchange rate on non-oil export sector are of its crucial reasons.

1.  بهمنی اسکویی، محسن. «اثرات کلان اقتصادی کاهش ارزش خارجی ریال ایران در دوران پس از انقلاب اسلامی»، سومین سمینار سیاستهای پول و ارزی، مؤسسه تحقیقات پولی و بانکی، (1372): 120- 87.
2.  بانک مرکزی جمهوری اسلامی ایران. گزارش اقتصادی و ترازنامه بانک مرکزی ج.ا.ا . سالهای مختلف.
 
3. Backus D.K., Kehoe  P.J., Kydland, F. E. "Dynamics of the Trade Balance and the Terms of Trade:the J-Curve?"., American Economic Review, Vol. 84, No.1, (1994):84-103.
 
4. Bahmani-Oskooee, M., Brooks, T.J. "Bilateral J-curve Between US and Her Trading Partners"., Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv,Vol.135,No.1, (1999):156-165.
 
5. Buluswar, Murli D. Henry Thmpson, Kamal, P.U padhyaya. "Devaluation and the Trade Blance in India :Stationarity and Cointegration"., Applied Economics, Vol.28, No. 4, (1996):429-432.
 
6. Cardi, Oliver. "Another View of the J-Curve"., Preresented to the Conference of Association Trade and  International  Finance in Paris, (September, 2004).
 
7. Elliot .Graham, Thomas,  J. Rothenberg and James H. Stock. "Efficient Tests for an Autoregressive Unit Root"., Econometrica, Vol. 64, (1996): 813-836.
 
8. Junz, H. B. and Rhomberg, R. R. "Price  Competitiveness  in  Export Trade Among Industrial Countries"., American Economic Review, Vo1. 63, No. 2, (1973):412-418.  
 
9. Krugman, P., Obstfeld, M. International Economics: Theory and Policy. New York, Addison-Wesley., 2001.
 
10. Magee, S. P. "Gurrency Contracts, Pass-through, and Devaluation"., Brookings Papers on Economic Activty, Vol.1, (1973):303-323.
 
11. Moura, Guilherme and Da SiLva,Sergio. "Is There a Brazilian J-Curve?"., Economic Bulletin, Vol. 6, (2005):1-17 .
 
12. Onafowora,Olugbenga. "Exchange Rate and Trade Balance in East Asia :is there a J-curve?"., Economics Bulletin,Vol. 5, No.18, (2003):1-13.
 
13. Rawlins, Glenville and Praveen, John. "Devaluation and the Trade Balance: The Recent Experience of Selected African Contries"., Center For Economic Research  on Africa, School of Business Montclair State University, (1993).
 
14. Rose, A and Yellen, J. L. "Is There a -Curve?"., Journal of Monetary  Ecnomics,Vol.24, (1989):53-68.
15. Shirvani, Hand Wilbratte, B. "The Relation Between the Real Exchange Rate Balance: An Empirical Reassessment"., International Economic  Journal, Vol.11, No.1, (1997):39-49
 
16. Stucka,Tihomir. "The Impact of Exchange Rate changes on the Trade Balance in Croatia"., Working Papers Croatian National Bank, (October 2003).