Mahmoud Mashhadi-Ahmad
Volume 15, Issue 57 , July 2015, , Pages 1-38
Abstract
In the arena of Economic thought, there has always been some intellectual confrontation between the two major economic schools, i.e. Institutionalism and Neoclassical economics. This challenge has taken place at different levels; ranging from the most fundamental levels which are principles of ontology ...
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In the arena of Economic thought, there has always been some intellectual confrontation between the two major economic schools, i.e. Institutionalism and Neoclassical economics. This challenge has taken place at different levels; ranging from the most fundamental levels which are principles of ontology and epistemology to higher levels of policy implications. This article is an attempt to address some of the aspects of this debate and the challenges created by it. Neoclassical advocates claim that institutionalism suffers from lack of theory. Indeed, they try to nullify institutionalism as non-scientific school. But, suddenly these questions arise that "what is science, and what can be considered as science at all?" "Is neoclassical economics science and institutional economics not?" These questions are among the issues which are addressed in this article. It will be shown in this article that institutionalism has an important core of economic theories that turns it to a powerful paradigm. But, in order to understand this, we have to go beyond what is considered theory in neoclassical school. Furthermore we will go through other claims that these two schools hold against each other and address some of them such as realism, scope and precision of theory, and solidarity of paradigm. We will show that in some of these areas such as perception of reality and realism, the difference between these two schools of thought is essential.
Batoul Raf’at; Seyed Komail Tayyebi
Volume 10, Issue 36 , April 2010, , Pages 41-58
Abstract
This study examines the relationships between FDI flows and trade to Iran. Theoretically, FDI and international trade can be substitute or complementary. Within the early theories of foreign direct investment and multinational firms, FDI and foreign trade were considered to be substitute. New international ...
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This study examines the relationships between FDI flows and trade to Iran. Theoretically, FDI and international trade can be substitute or complementary. Within the early theories of foreign direct investment and multinational firms, FDI and foreign trade were considered to be substitute. New international trade theories emphasize, the complementary relationship between FDI and foreign trade .This is the result of introducing new aspects in the models like increasing returns to scale, product differentiation and technology-differences among nations. We study empirically the impact of foreign trade on foreign direct investment (FDI), using data on inward FDI to Iran from 1973 through 2006.
We find that foreign trade can encourage FDI and also FDI can increase trade. On the other hand, results show that there is a complementary relationship between trade and FDI. Beside trade, GDP, Exchange rate and some economic variables are affected by FDI.
Abbas Shakeri; Amin Maleki
Volume 9, Issue 35 , January 2010, , Pages 57-88
Abstract
This study reviews a century of structural transformation in distribution views from functional income distribution (between suppliers of inputs) to personal income distribution (between individuals and households). In this transformation some factors have facilitated the process and some factor have ...
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This study reviews a century of structural transformation in distribution views from functional income distribution (between suppliers of inputs) to personal income distribution (between individuals and households). In this transformation some factors have facilitated the process and some factor have preventive role. Welfare governments needs, defects of functional distribution theory, improvement of hardware and software instruments in income and expenditure analysis, growth and inequality theory of Kuznets, individual choice theory of Friedman, human capital theory of Becker and justly distribution of Rawls are positive factors in this evolution and position of functional income distribution in neoclassical notion and Cambridge school and some ambiguity in how a fair distribution play a negative role in this circulation. Transformation of distributional theories in the ground of macroeconomic and microeconomic theories, is a important section of economic science improvement in the past century.
