cooperation among natural gas exporting of Caspian sea
countries to export gas to Europe with respect to
environmental requirements in a game theoretic
framework
Amir
Jafarzadeh
PhD student in Economics, Allameh Tabataba`i University
author
Abbas
Shakeri
Professor of Allameh Tabataba`i University
author
Farshad
Momeni
Associate Professor, Allameh Tabataba`i University
author
Ghahraman
Abdoli
Associate Professor, Tehran University
author
text
article
2014
per
The Followingfollowing paper explores cooperation among Caspian Sea countries for naturalgas exporting to Europe. What is puzzling here is whether environmental requirements, inNabucoo and Trans Caspian Sea gas projects, play an important role in the strategic decisionprocess among three gas-exporting countries in the region: Iran, Azerbayejan andTurkmenistan. using Maskin’s cooperation model, considering externality, , coalitionamong natural gas exporters and importers for the Projects has been exploredIn this paper we answer the question whether a coalition should be formed between the threecountries to export gas to Europe. We also calculate the bargaining power of these twocountries (or three countries?!).The results show that (or all?!) countries have profits to make the coalition for gas exportingamong the Nabucoo project. Given the environmental requirements, Trans Caspian is lessEconomical than Nabucco so Iran can play important and active role to form a coalition toexport gas to Europe in the Nabucco project.
Economics Research
Allameh Tabataba'i University
1735-210X
14
v.
55
no.
2014
1
40
https://joer.atu.ac.ir/article_921_d7cc5f17fd7069579424e0b7ea3c974b.pdf
Nonlinear effects of real exchange rate uncertainty on oil
and non-oil economic growth in IRAN: GARCH-M
approach
Mostafa
Mobini Dehkordi
Phd student in Economics, Esfahan University
author
Teymour
Mohammadi
Associate Professor, Allameh Tabataba`i University
author
text
article
2014
per
In recent years, researchers have been increasingly noticed economic growth and its determinants. Exchange rate and its volatility are important factors in determining a country's economic growth. Various studies in this regard have shown contradictory results concerning the effects of exchange rate volitality on economic growth. The purpose of this study, Considering the importance of this issue, is to evaluate the nonlinear effects of real exchange rate uncertainty on economic growth (oil and non-oil) from 1369/1 to 90/4. In this study, economic growth is a function of real exchange rate uncertainty, investment rate, active population growth and growth rate of human capital. To estimate the amounts of real exchange rate uncertainty, GARCH In Mean model is used. With the implementation of a program in eviews, a certain level of exchange rate volatility was calculated using criteria of standard deviation minimum. Then, GMM model is used to determine the effects of this volatility on economic growth. The results show that the real exchange rate uncertainty up to a certain level, which is investigated in this research, has a negative effect on economic growth, whether oil or non-oil.
Economics Research
Allameh Tabataba'i University
1735-210X
14
v.
55
no.
2014
41
70
https://joer.atu.ac.ir/article_922_d09c4baab154332bc429e199e6135f79.pdf
The costs of money creation in orthodox banking system
and Islamic finance solution
Hossein
samsami
Assistant Professor, Shahid Beheshti University
author
Parviz
davoodi
Professor, Shahid Beheshti University
author
Jalal
jahani goravan
MsC economics, Shahid Beheshti University
author
text
article
2014
per
The performance of the fractional-reserve banking system, will lead to a vast money creation in favor of banks. This results in inflationary problems. This type of banking system will also lead to some issues like the transfer of borrowers’ risks to banks and sometimes to depositors, monetary and banking crises, free ridings, adverse selection and moral hazard, and etc. In this research, the cost of money creation is determined by two scenarios. The first scenario is money creation in a fractional-reserve banking system, and the other is central bank’s money creation with requirement reserve of 100 %. Then the social loss function related to money creation is defined. The results of minimizing social loss function with the constraints of Philips curve and aggregate demand function show that the instability and social loss will increase with reduction of the reserve requirement. In other words, policy makers can reduce social costs and instability of economy through the expansion in the reserve requirement.
Economics Research
Allameh Tabataba'i University
1735-210X
14
v.
55
no.
2014
71
103
https://joer.atu.ac.ir/article_923_a9edc8be0c035d07578347ef16477b62.pdf
The impact of Trade with China on Industrial
Employment in Iran
Saeid
Isazadeh
Associate professor, Bu-Ali Sina University
author
Saeide
Sadat Hosseini
MsC economics, Bu-Ali Sina University
author
text
article
2014
per
In recent years China has been appeared as one of the main trading partners of Iran. This study analyzes the effects of trade with China on industrial employment of Iranian economy through panal data methodology and using data of Iranian industrial sector on the basis of 2-digit ISIC of the 1996 to 2011.Results for 22 subsectors show that importing from China reduces total employment level and exporting to china creates job opportunities.Estimates also show import penetration coefficient leads to a reduction in employment of male workers and export penetration coefficient has positive and significant effect on male and female employment levels. Results for 19 subsectors indicate that increasing in import penetration destroys manufacturing employment and the effect of exports becomes insignificantly positive .
Economics Research
Allameh Tabataba'i University
1735-210X
14
v.
55
no.
2014
105
136
https://joer.atu.ac.ir/article_924_5dc9c87b4aec66357b00a7c843dfdc41.pdf
The Impact of Khums on Consumption and Investment:
an Implication of Kaldor Model
Fathollah
Tari
Associate Professor, Allameh Tabataba`i University
author
Somayeh
Jafari
Phd student, Allameh Tabataba`i University
author
text
article
2014
per
Every community produces goods and provides services, and distributes these products and services for end-use based on an instruction or certain order. This performance for many reasons varies from one society to another. The current research studies the impact of Khums on consumption and investment based on approach of Kaldor model. The proposed model assumes that the economy is managed by the private sector, and our target population is Islamic community. In this community, the Islamic Republic also has been established in a manner that in this kind of economy, the interest rate has been abrogated, and all economy activities based on Mudaraba or Musharaka. On the other hand, the majority of consumers in the Islamic society were affected by Islamic instruction, and they fulfil their religious duty, and pay the Khoums. The Islamic government is trustees of collecting and distributing Khums. The results have shown that it is possible to achieve steady growth in Islamic Economics, and the existence of Khoums is not a barrier to consistent growth status.
Economics Research
Allameh Tabataba'i University
1735-210X
14
v.
55
no.
2014
137
156
https://joer.atu.ac.ir/article_925_3c2c296b85d1f38cb066b75a5364f15b.pdf
An Investigation of Corruption and Economic Growth
Nexus: Some Evidence from D-8 Countries
Hasan
Heidari
Associate Professor, Urmia University
author
Roghayeh
Alinazhad
MsC student, Urmia University
author
Seied Jamallodin
Mohseni Zonozi
Assistant Professor, Urmia University
author
Javad
Jahangirzadeh
Assistant Professor, Urmia University
author
text
article
2014
per
This study investigates the potential threshold effects in the relationship between corruption control index and GDP growth for the D-8 countries with the presence of other variables, including education expenditures, government consumption expenditures, agricultural raw materials exports, inflation rate, and index of openness over the period 1996-2011. For this purpose, the paper uses a Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) model that is an appropriate method for explaining cross-country heterogeneity. Our result rejects the linearity hypothesis, and gives a threshold at corruption control of -0.862. Based on this threshold, we can build a two-regime model. In the first regime, corruption control, education expenditures, agricultural raw materials exports and index of openness variables have a significantly positive impact on GDP growth and government consumption expenditures and inflation rate variables have a significantly negative impact on GDP growth. In the second regime, however, corruption control, education expenditures, agricultural raw materials exports and index of openness variables have a positive impact and government consumption expenditures and inflation rate variables have a negative impact on GDP growth. Though, the impact of corruption control, education expenditures, agricultural raw materials exports and index of openness are increased and the impact of government consumption expenditures and inflation rate are dramatically declined.
Economics Research
Allameh Tabataba'i University
1735-210X
14
v.
55
no.
2014
157
183
https://joer.atu.ac.ir/article_926_fd74a9de310a6d34ebf694bb430eabad.pdf
The determinants of life expectancy in Islamic Countries
(Based on homogeneous income groups)
Samira
motaghi
Assistant Professor, Payame Noor University
author
text
article
2014
per
The current study, drawing on mathematical modeling, aimed at uncovering factors influencing life expectency (as a proxy of health) among OIC (Organisation of Islamic Cooperation) countries. More specifically, this article tried to examine health criteria set in the Muslim world in homogeneous income countries. In doing so, we initially depict a conceptual model, and then investigate the various factors affecting health issues by the use of a generalized model developed by Grossman in those countries. The findings of the study ( in a period from 1995 to 2009) revealed that the effective factors were the varibles of GDP per capita, the ratio of total health costs in GDP, out of pocket, malnutrition, and the rates of adolescent fertility. That is, the medical, economic, social, and environmental factors were reported as those influencing the healthy issues in these countries. Moreover, except for upper middle average income Muslim countries, the health conditions of homogenous groups of income ( i.e. low income, lower-middle-income, middle-income and high-income) have been improved by reducing the rate of teen childbearing variables (social development) and risk of malnutrition (living conditions), though they have not been affected by these two factors. The implications of this study discussed the growing income trend with increasing GDP per capita and the ratio of health spending to gdp (economic inputs), and this fact, in turn, shows the effects of the economic inputs on the improvement of health status in Muslim countries.
Economics Research
Allameh Tabataba'i University
1735-210X
14
v.
55
no.
2014
185
205
https://joer.atu.ac.ir/article_927_06d71eb007052c6fe713467fa3fb9013.pdf