parisa moghadasi; Sajjad Faraji Dizaji; Abbas Assari Arani
Abstract
Income inequality is one of the important and key issues in the economy, which, considering its function and consequences, can affect people's health in various ways and endanger the stability and stability of the socio-economic system. Today, most countries suffer from inequality in the distribution ...
Read More
Income inequality is one of the important and key issues in the economy, which, considering its function and consequences, can affect people's health in various ways and endanger the stability and stability of the socio-economic system. Today, most countries suffer from inequality in the distribution of wealth and income due to various reasons. For this reason, this study examines the effect of the good governance index in reducing the effect of Covid-19 on income inequality using available data for countries that export more than 50,000 barrels of oil per day during the years 2000 to 2021 using a panel econometric model. The data has been paid. The results of the research show that the death rate from covid-19 has had a positive and significant effect on increasing income inequality in oil-rich countries. On the other hand, the variable of good governance *Covid-19 with a negative and significant effect on the variable of the Gini coefficient has reduced income inequality.
Parviz Davoudi; Hassan Sabzi Khoshnami
Abstract
Income inequality has received much attention from economists and policymakers as one of the components of economic development. On the other hand, the difference between developed and developing economies can be checked in the efficiency of their financial systems. This study investigates the ...
Read More
Income inequality has received much attention from economists and policymakers as one of the components of economic development. On the other hand, the difference between developed and developing economies can be checked in the efficiency of their financial systems. This study investigates the effect of financial development on income inequality in Iran using the threshold regression method during 2020-1967. The results show that the effect of financial development of the banking sector and the stock market on income inequality has a threshold limit. in model one, the financial development of the banking sector before and after the threshold has a significant and negative effect on inequality. In model two, stock market financial development has significant and negative effect on income inequality before the threshold but not significant effect after the threshold. However, there is insufficient evidence to support the effect of financial development on income inequality in the form of Greenwood and Jovanovic's inverse U hypothesis.
Ali Hussein Samadi; Ebrahim Hadian; parviz rostamzadeh; hamzeh sheikhiani
Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of trade liberalization on income inequality with consideration of socio-institutional factors emphasized by resistance economy policies in Iran. To meet this end, the Decaluwe et al. (2013) model has been adjusted and it is solved based on ...
Read More
The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of trade liberalization on income inequality with consideration of socio-institutional factors emphasized by resistance economy policies in Iran. To meet this end, the Decaluwe et al. (2013) model has been adjusted and it is solved based on Social Accounting Matrix data of year 2011. The results show that in current institutional situation of Iran, the reduction of tariffs in the agriculture, horticulture, forestry and mining sectors can reduce inequality and tariff reduction in sectors of food industry, low technology industries, high technology industries, higher education, transportation and other services will increase inequality in urban and rural areas. By reducing tariff rates in mid-tech industries, inequality in urban and rural areas initially decreases and then increase. Reducing tariffs in oil and gas and healthcare sectors does not affect inequality in urban and rural areas. It is also shown that in the case of implementing resistance economy policies and improving institutional quality, tariff rate reduction in all sectors of production will reduce inequality. Reducing tariff rates in primary and secondary education sectors, housing and other sectors that de not have any link to outside world has no effect on inequality, both in the current institutional situation and in the case of institutional quality improvement as a result of implementing resistance economy policies. Therefore, it is suggested that attention be paid to improvement of institutional quality in the country, along with the implementation of resistance economy policies.
sajjad Barkhordari; Maede Abdi; Sedige Solgi
Abstract
After world recession in 2008, many papers focused on non-linear relationship between debt and growth. Based on traditional theories, a medium level of increase in debt can improve welfare and economic growth, but a high level of it damages the economy. According to recent studies, the non-linear relationship ...
Read More
After world recession in 2008, many papers focused on non-linear relationship between debt and growth. Based on traditional theories, a medium level of increase in debt can improve welfare and economic growth, but a high level of it damages the economy. According to recent studies, the non-linear relationship between public debt and growth is conceivable for other debt items such as household debt and firm debt. In this paper, we test the non-linear relationship between household debt and the growth of per capita income in 31 Iranian provinces during period 2005-2015. In addition, we analyses the different threshold points in Iranian provinces related to above-mentioned non-linear relationship. Based on our findings, we accept the hypothesis of reverse-U relationship between debt and growth in addition to the effect of income inequality on heterogeneity of this relationship in Iranian provinces. The results indicate that provinces with high income inequality have high threshold point than regions with low income inequality, but in the latter ones the sensitivity of economic growth to change of debt is higher.
Mahnoush Abdollah Milani; Soheila Parvin; kosar seyedi
Abstract
One of the important objectives of policymakers in a society is reduction of income inequality. Taxes, as source of stable income for government, are the most important tools for adjusting income inequality. An efficient tax system in the form of progressive taxation can lead to improved income distribution. ...
Read More
One of the important objectives of policymakers in a society is reduction of income inequality. Taxes, as source of stable income for government, are the most important tools for adjusting income inequality. An efficient tax system in the form of progressive taxation can lead to improved income distribution. This paper evaluates the impact of progressive income tax on income inequality in 30 provinces during the period 2005 - 2013 in Iran. For this purpose, the average income tax rate is calculated for each income decile and its effect on Gini coefficient has been tested while controlling for other independent variables which include the share of services and industry sectors in GDP and per capita income growth in each province. The empirical method of this study was based on panel data approach for which we applied Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to estimate the dynamic equation. The results show that although the income tax is progressive in Iran, but the tax system has failed to reduce income inequality.
Majid Maddah
Volume 11, Issue 42 , October 2011, , Pages 303-323
Abstract
Economic and Socail unsuitable effects of crime have increased researches related to
understanding of effective factors on growth of crime in recent years. In this paper, on
theoretical and empirical basis of crime,The relationship between crime and total crimes are
investigated ...
Read More
Economic and Socail unsuitable effects of crime have increased researches related to
understanding of effective factors on growth of crime in recent years. In this paper, on
theoretical and empirical basis of crime,The relationship between crime and total crimes are
investigated by specification of two models about vehicle larceny and total larceny. Models
of panel data for country!s provinces in (1382-1385) are estimated. Results show strong and
significant relationship between income inequality and poverty with crime in two model
,increasing of inequality and poverty increase the rate of crime about vehicle larceny and
total larceny during the period (1382-1385). Also, positive and significant effect of people
aged (15-24) on crime confirm in two model and population density on crime confirm in
vehicle Larceny model.
Jamshid Pajuyan; Vida Vaezi
Volume 11, Issue 41 , July 2011, , Pages 137-158
Abstract
This paper studies the reciprocal effects of the two important socioeconomic
issues, i.e. inequality of income- health through definition of two indices of health
in 30 provinces of the country during 1982-2006. Evaluation of the model in the
framework of the said analytical and consolidated ...
Read More
This paper studies the reciprocal effects of the two important socioeconomic
issues, i.e. inequality of income- health through definition of two indices of health
in 30 provinces of the country during 1982-2006. Evaluation of the model in the
framework of the said analytical and consolidated data is stable in Pool System and
fixed effects method. Although health depends on both factors of average income
and income inequality, but based on the investigations, the society health is more
influenced by income inequality. Therefore, we can see more health in the society
with lower income inequality. The inter-provincial studies performed in various
income groups shows that the income inequality is more effective on health of
society in the provinces with high and low income.
The general conclusions gained from social variables indicate that health
situation has positive correlation with education or training; health care and
number of insured and also health has strong negative correlation with income
inequality and finally weak positive correlation with income average.
