Rozbeh Amanifard; Mohsen Mohammadi Khyareh; Reza Mazhari
Abstract
The importance of establishing “Enabling Trade” measures in the countries of origin and destination of exports is of great importance in the international economic literature. In this regard, many studies have shown that improving Enabling Trade can reduce trade costs and improve export ...
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The importance of establishing “Enabling Trade” measures in the countries of origin and destination of exports is of great importance in the international economic literature. In this regard, many studies have shown that improving Enabling Trade can reduce trade costs and improve export performance. However, in previous studies, the issue of Enabling Trade at export destinations and its impact on the commercial performance of export sources has not received much attention. In addition, the need for non-linear estimation of gravity models has been almost completely agreed in the past decade. Therefore, this article studies the estimation of the impact of the Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood (PPML) on the trade facilitation of its 21 trading partner countries from 2008 to 2016. Enabling Trade Index (ETI) includes four sub-indexes: market access, border management, transportation and communications infrastructure, and operating environment. The results show that Enabling Trade Indices such as market access, border management, infrastructure, and operating environment in the country of origin and export destination countries have had a positive and significant impact on trade flows between Iran and its trading partners. In addition, the results show that the importance and intensity of Iran’s enabling trade indicators are higher than similar measures taken by its trading partners. The authors interpret it as explaining the important role of enabling trade policies in increasing trade between Iran and its trading partners.
Saeed Moshiri; Arian Daneshmand; Bahar Niazi
Abstract
The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) suggests that environmental quality improves with income after the economy passes an income threshold. Many studies have examined the EKC but the results are mixed. This study Investigates how international trade has affected the EKC’s position. The study ...
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The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) suggests that environmental quality improves with income after the economy passes an income threshold. Many studies have examined the EKC but the results are mixed. This study Investigates how international trade has affected the EKC’s position. The study uses the ecological footprint, as an indicator of environmental degradation, in 149 countries divided into four income groups for the period 1980-2014. From the panel model estimations, the results confirm an inverted U-shape relationship between the ecological footprint and income. Furthermore, they indicate that trade has altered the position of the EKC, in the entire sample. However, the results vary across income groups. Specifically, the EKC has been shifted by trade upwards in upper-income boundaries. The lower-income countries have not reached the income threshold suggested by the EKC and trade impact on the position of the EKC has not been significant. In this case, it can be inferred that trade worsens environmental degradation.
Saeid Isazadeh; Saeide Sadat Hosseini
Volume 14, Issue 55 , January 2015, , Pages 105-136
Abstract
In recent years China has been appeared as one of the main trading partners of Iran. This study analyzes the effects of trade with China on industrial employment of Iranian economy through panal data methodology and using data of Iranian industrial sector on the basis of 2-digit ISIC of the 1996 to 2011.Results ...
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In recent years China has been appeared as one of the main trading partners of Iran. This study analyzes the effects of trade with China on industrial employment of Iranian economy through panal data methodology and using data of Iranian industrial sector on the basis of 2-digit ISIC of the 1996 to 2011.Results for 22 subsectors show that importing from China reduces total employment level and exporting to china creates job opportunities.Estimates also show import penetration coefficient leads to a reduction in employment of male workers and export penetration coefficient has positive and significant effect on male and female employment levels. Results for 19 subsectors indicate that increasing in import penetration destroys manufacturing employment and the effect of exports becomes insignificantly positive .
Mohammad Rasti; Javad Rezaei
Volume 13, Issue 51 , January 2014, , Pages 151-161
Abstract
Based on the literature on the relationship between financial development and trade, this paper examines the effect of financial development on both trade and trade in services in acceded countries to the WTO. By using a panel data method for the period of 1985 to 2006, the results indicate that financial ...
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Based on the literature on the relationship between financial development and trade, this paper examines the effect of financial development on both trade and trade in services in acceded countries to the WTO. By using a panel data method for the period of 1985 to 2006, the results indicate that financial development has a positive effect on total trade in acceded countries; therefore, it shows that financial development is a determinant factor of trade development and policy in these countries. On the other hand, financial development has a negative effect on trade in services.