Economics Research

Abstract  This paper aims to empirically assess Schumpeter's view that access to credit is vital for entrepreneurial activities. Credit allocation refers to the allocation of bank credits by the monetary authorities to non-financial economic activities. To measure the scope and penetration of entrepreneurship, two common indicators are used: The New Business Entry Density (ED) of the World Bank (WB) and Total Early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). Our sample for the first case includes 66 countries over the period 2006 to 2016, and for the second case, 54 countries during the period 2001 to 2016. The results rejects the hypothesis of the impacts of credit allocation on entrepreneurship in the case of former indicators, but do not reject it in the case of the latter indicators.  Furthermore, the sensitivity of the results to the choice of entrepreneurship measure indicates that further inquiries as well as alternative indicators are required to address the Schumpeterian hypothesis.

Abstract One of the issues in complex organizations is management of personnel movements. On the one hand, personnel tend to change their positions from one sector of organization to another part or from one post to another post or move to another branch of the organization in a new city. On the other hand, administrators reposition personnel inside an organization to avoid burnout and facilitate dynamic improvement of the organization. But internal movement inside an organization is faced with challenges, such that it should not cause any posts to be vacant and this requires access to a great deal of information about human resources of the organization and the need to processing them. In this study, we propose an algorithm using market design theory that permits managers to efficiently manage internal movement of human resources. This algorithm was developed by TTCC method and programmed in C# language. To demonstrate the accuracy of proposed algorithm, we applied it to a hypothetical organization with 2325 personnel, 155 branches and 400 internal movement requests. Simulation shows that proposed algorithm increases internal movement of human resources by 11% and help human resource management of organization to be more effective.