Fereshteh Mohamadian
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explain the factors affecting the economic growth gap between OPEC and East Asian countries using the Shapley–Owen–Shorrocks and Oaxaca–Blinder variance decomposition methods over the period 1996-2018. The results of the Shapley–Owen–Shorrocks ...
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The purpose of this study is to explain the factors affecting the economic growth gap between OPEC and East Asian countries using the Shapley–Owen–Shorrocks and Oaxaca–Blinder variance decomposition methods over the period 1996-2018. The results of the Shapley–Owen–Shorrocks decomposition reveal that in East Asian countries, institutional and policy variables (government consumption, inflation, rule of law, trade) and human capital explain 53.31 and 31.38 percent of economic growth fluctuations, respectively. In contrast, in OPEC members, institutional and policy variables and physical capital (investment, Fertility rate) explain 66.72 and 17.75 percent of economic growth fluctuations, respectively. According to the results of the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition, about 43 percent of the economic growth gap between East Asia and OPEC is due to explained components (mainly rule of law, investment, human capital) and 57 percent due to unexplained components (mainly the return of investment, human capital, inflation, rule of law). Accordingly, efficient use of factors in relation to their endowments has a more important role in explaining the economic growth gap of the countries. A noteworthy point in this regard is the important role of institutional and policy variables. Since institutional and policy variables as well as human capital, fertility rate, and investment are greatly influenced by governance, in order to promote economic growth in OPEC, policymaker should focus on the factors improving good governance.
Abdolrasoul Ghasemi; Atefeh Taklif; Teymour Mohammadi; fereshteh mohammadian
Abstract
This study is an attempt to present and numerically simulate a dynamic system of energy price-energy supply-economic growth to perform a comparative analysis of strategies for energy intensity reduction in Iran. To achieve this purpose, a nonlinear differential equation system is designed and the data ...
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This study is an attempt to present and numerically simulate a dynamic system of energy price-energy supply-economic growth to perform a comparative analysis of strategies for energy intensity reduction in Iran. To achieve this purpose, a nonlinear differential equation system is designed and the data for total domestic energy production, non-oil GDP and energy price index during period 1992-2014 are used to estimate the parameters of system by means of whale optimization algorithm. In the next stage, four strategies (exploration of new energy sources and imports, moving towards a self-regulatory market, industrial restructuring, and adoption of new energy production and price policies) are addressed based on aforementioned system. The results indicate that the first three strategies will stabilize the energy market, but the fourth strategy will only drive the system into a cyclical shock state. The effects of different individual and combined strategies on energy intensity are also investigated. The results show that under a reasonable control power, these strategies can reduce energy intensity, but an unplanned increase in control power leads to reverse results. As for the energy intensity stabilization under these strategies, the lowest energy intensity is achieved by the third strategy and the lowest time to stabilize energy intensity is under the second strategy. It should be noted that the comprehensive strategy (combination of the first three strategies) outperforms individual strategies both in energy intensity stabilization and energy intensity reduction. Accordingly, implementation of a comprehensive strategy or any of the individual strategies with reasonable control power rather that unconsidered and strict application of a specific strategy, is the best choice for reduction of the national energy intensity in Iran.
Fereshteh Mohammadyan; Hamid Amadeh; Abbas Shakeri
Volume 13, Issue 49 , July 2013, , Pages 117-150
Abstract
This article explains the differences in size and growth of governments over time. We first divide the theories of government size into three theories relating to demand side, supply side and other theories. Then these theories are empirically tested by a conceptual model for 103 countries and selected ...
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This article explains the differences in size and growth of governments over time. We first divide the theories of government size into three theories relating to demand side, supply side and other theories. Then these theories are empirically tested by a conceptual model for 103 countries and selected groups of countries (Muslim and socialist countries, democracies, authoritarian countries and federal countries) during the period of 1990 to 2010. The results show that among the demand side variables, per capita income, inequality and urbanization, respectively with negative, positive and positive signs, have a significant effect on the size of government. In the case of supply side variabels, indirect taxes have a significant positive effect on the size of government. Concerning other factors (factors other than the supply and demand side variables), the three variables that are the ratio of aging population, the degree of openness of the economy and the rate of female participation in the labor market have a significant positive effect on government size. The results also show that political structure, ideological structure, and presence or absence of centralization not only affect the government size but also the effect of economic variables is different when these structural factors change.
