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Volume 6, Issue 21 , July 2006, , Pages 151-166
Ali Motavasseli
Abstract
The elasticity of aggregate output with respect to aggregate capital and labor is computed using the cost structure of the production network of Iran's economy without using the aggregate production function. Estimations are made using Input-Output tables and according to a method developed by ...
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The elasticity of aggregate output with respect to aggregate capital and labor is computed using the cost structure of the production network of Iran's economy without using the aggregate production function. Estimations are made using Input-Output tables and according to a method developed by Baqaee and Farhi (2019, 2020). Elasticities are computed for the years 1986, 1999, 2001, 2004, 2010, 2011, and 2016. Various assumptions regarding capital costs of production sectors lead to lower and upper bounds for capital elasticity. The bounds for capital elasticity of Iran's economy were 0.15-0.35 in 1986, up to 0.22-0.55 in 1999, 2001, and 2004, even higher to 0.28-0.59 in 2010 and 2011, and down to 0.21-0.42 in 2016. Labor elasticities are one minus capital elasticities. Notably, the bounds for capital elasticity steadily increased from 1986 until the early 2010s, followed by a decline. For the non-oil sectors, the bounds for capital elasticity and the spread between those bounds are smaller than the entire economy. The bounds for the non-oil economy are 0.15-0.32 in 1986, up to 0.17-0.47 from 1999 to 2011, and 0.17-0.35 in 2016. The results show that ignoring labor compensation from unincorporated sectors of the economy increases the capital elasticity by at least 0.17 points. Our estimations can be used for robustness check and sensitivity analysis wherever capital and labor elasticities are needed, such as growth accounting.
Hadi Rahmani Fazli; Abbas Arabmazar
Abstract
This study investigates the process of budget allocation to provinces of Iran based on two set of factors of 1- major macro provincial indicators and 2-oil price volatility based on stochastic differential equations and stochastic optimal control framework during the period of 2003 to 2014. In this regard, ...
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This study investigates the process of budget allocation to provinces of Iran based on two set of factors of 1- major macro provincial indicators and 2-oil price volatility based on stochastic differential equations and stochastic optimal control framework during the period of 2003 to 2014. In this regard, with calculation of optimal share of provinces in total country budget based on macro indicators data for year 2011, the effect of stochastic oil price on dynamic budget allocation is studied. The dynamic analysis of oil price during 2003 to 2014 indicates a volatile trend with jumps in oil price time series in some sub-periods. Accordingly, different models of stochastic differential equations and stochastic optimal control for modeling oil price and petroleum budgets allocation in different years are proposed. The results show that the share of the provincial budget depends on the parameters that determine the behavior of the oil price time series. So that, with an increased average growth rate of oil prices, the provincial budget share increases over time. In addition, an increase in volatility of oil prices and acceleration in the velocity of oil price mean-reversion, reduce the optimal share of provincial oil budgets over time. Also, based on the results of the simulation model for provincial data in year 2011, the optimal share of provincial oil budgets has dynamic and stochastic behavior and it is formed based on the behavior of oil price time series.
mahmod mahmoodzadeh; Saleh Ghavidel; Seyedeh Fatemeh i Chavosh
Abstract
The aim of this study is to estimate the effect of e-commerce on employment and productivity in Iran, with an emphasis on B2C. The methodology of econometrics in this research is panel-data approach, based on provincial seasonal data from 2013 to 2015. Evidence shows that there are 14 million ...
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The aim of this study is to estimate the effect of e-commerce on employment and productivity in Iran, with an emphasis on B2C. The methodology of econometrics in this research is panel-data approach, based on provincial seasonal data from 2013 to 2015. Evidence shows that there are 14 million online shoppers and 17,000 online shops in Iran, and 2.4 percent of GDP and 11 percent of the retail trade is done electronically. Estimate in different ways indicate that e-commerce with an emphasis on B2C, increases economic productivity. The elasticity of productivity with respect to e-commerce, is estimated to be between 0.006 to 0.0108. In other hands, one percentage increase in share of e-commerce would increase GDP per capita in provinces between 0.006 to 0.0108 percent. The impact of e-commerce on employment is negative but statistically insignificant. Due to the positive effects of e-commerce on GDP per capita and its insignificant effect on unemployment rate, we conclude that e-commerce improved the productivity of labor during period under study.
Abolfazl Shahabadi; Behzad Amiri; Sara Sarigol
Abstract
In recent decades, reducing income inequality has become one of the major objectives of economic and social development and even important part of governments’ tasks. Thus, studying equal distribution of income and trying to find its causes are important to achieve sustained and stable economic ...
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In recent decades, reducing income inequality has become one of the major objectives of economic and social development and even important part of governments’ tasks. Thus, studying equal distribution of income and trying to find its causes are important to achieve sustained and stable economic growth and development. Consequently, this study is using conventional econometrics technique (panel data approach) to evaluate the effect of governance on income equality in selected NAM countries during the period 1996-2012. The results show that governance variable has positive and significant effect on income equality in countries under study. Based on the estimation results, the effect of financial development, human capital, subsidies granted by the government on equal income distribution are positive and significant. The effect of synthesized variable of difference between labor compensation growth rate and inflation on income equality is positive but insignificant. Interaction effect of natural resources and governance variables on income equality is positive and significant.
Reza Saeedi; Shahryar Nessabian; Reza Moghaddasi; marjan damankeshideh
Abstract
Economic complexity refers to the accumulation of productive capabilities in an economy. Accelerating the accumulation of these capabilities increases the capacity to invent and absorb new technologies. Over the initial stages of economic development, most countries absorb energy-intensive technologies, ...
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Economic complexity refers to the accumulation of productive capabilities in an economy. Accelerating the accumulation of these capabilities increases the capacity to invent and absorb new technologies. Over the initial stages of economic development, most countries absorb energy-intensive technologies, which will lead to an increase in fossil energy consumption. By increasing the economic complexity of a country and the accumulation of complex capabilities, it becomes possible to absorb and invent new energy-efficient and clean technologies, which will be a factor in reducing the intensity of fossil energy consumption. In this paper, we investigate the effect of the economic complexity of Iran's provinces on the consumption of fossil energy over the period 2005-2018. For this purpose, the system GMM estimator in dynamic panel data has been applied. The results of the paper indicate that the increase in the economic complexity of the provinces is the driver of fossil energy consumption, so that the hypothesis of the "Energy-Environmental Kuznets Curve" across the provinces of the country is rejected. Accordingly, making the current production structure more complex in Iran's economy will not help to reduce fossil energy consumption. Other results show that (a) the per capita consumption of fossil energy is inelastic with respect to the relative price of fuel, and (b) the rate of urbanization is the driver of energy consumption. According to the findings of the research, it is recommended that instead of implementing pricing policies to reduce energy consumption, the government should emphasize changing the production structure by using clean technologies.
Mahdieh Rezagholizadeh; Bahram Mohseni Maleki; Hamid Khazaey kuhpar
Abstract
Oil prices and their uncertainties significantly impact the economies and financial markets of nations, influencing the cash reserves held by companies. Given the pivotal role of the chemical products industry has an important role in economic development and is also affected by other markets such ...
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Oil prices and their uncertainties significantly impact the economies and financial markets of nations, influencing the cash reserves held by companies. Given the pivotal role of the chemical products industry has an important role in economic development and is also affected by other markets such as the oil market, this study aims to to investigate the effect of Brent oil price uncertainty on the cash holding of the chemical products group in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2010-2019. The research modeling is based on dynamic panel models and oil price uncertainty is computed through the GARCH method, while the relationships between variables are estimated using the Generalized method of moments (GMM) technique in two steps. The results of the study indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between oil price uncertainty and cash holdings during the period under review. In addition, the effect of control variables such as financial leverage, cash flow, size, capital expenditures, liquidity, stock return, and return of assets is positive, and the effect of total debt, value added of industry, and interest rates on the cash is negative.
Shahryar Zaroki; Sahar Nasrnejad Nesheli; Niloufar Gorgani Firoozjah
Abstract
In any society, the focus of statesmen, policymakers, and researchers on poverty reduction and enhancing economic welfare is necessary. Given that most government economic policies affect relative prices and their fluctuations, which in turn impact welfare, analyzing the welfare effects caused ...
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In any society, the focus of statesmen, policymakers, and researchers on poverty reduction and enhancing economic welfare is necessary. Given that most government economic policies affect relative prices and their fluctuations, which in turn impact welfare, analyzing the welfare effects caused by price changes in different product groups seems necessary The aim of this study is to investigate the role of inflation of different commodity groups on Iran's economic welfare from 1972 to 2021. The research model is estimated using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. Economic welfare is measured using a composite index of well-being. The trend of the well-being index fluctuated during the study period reaching its peak in 1975 and its minimum in 1990. The long-term results of the estimation of the research model reveal several key findings:
First, total inflation and inflation of different groups of goods have an unfavorable effect on economic well-being.
Second, among different product groups, inflation in the housing, fuel, and lighting group has the most adverse effect on economic welfare.
Third, considering that the share and weight of the group of food, beverages and tobacco in the consumption basket of households is larger than other groups of goods, but the size of the effect of inflation of this group of goods on economic welfare is in the fourth place. Fourth, the increase in the inflation of the health and treatment group has the least adverse effect on economic welfare. Another finding is that per capita income and economic growth have a favorable effect on economic welfare. According to the obtained results, the government should take measures such as adopting appropriate measures in line with monetary discipline and preventing the irrational increase of monetary variables in accordance with inflation targeting to control inflation in order to improve welfare.
Introduction
The provision of economic welfare across different segments of society is a key concern for politicians in the country. Article 43 of the Constitution aims to ensure the independence of society, eradicate poverty and deprivation, and fulfill the basic needs of individuals as they progress, including housing, food, clothing, health, education, and the necessary facilities for family formation, along with providing working conditions and opportunities for full employment. To attain a comprehensive understanding of welfare and how to measure it, it is crucial to clarify the concept itself. Identifying the impact of various sectors such as housing, education, nutrition, health, and treatment on changes in welfare is essential. This allows for prioritizing efforts in each of these fields to enhance societal welfare, growth, and development. Monroe asserts that the primary objective of a society is to allocate resources among its members to maximize their welfare. Achieving this goal involves allocating resources in a manner that generates the highest overall income for society. In a free market economy, this allocation is typically accomplished through prices, which play a crucial role in determining changes in household welfare. Inflation and its fluctuations should be recognized as significant factors affecting welfare. Understanding the relationship between inflation and welfare enables policymakers to implement effective measures to mitigate its adverse effects and promote overall societal well-being.
Method
The Index of Economic Well-Being (IEWB) serves as a comprehensive and inclusive measure utilized in the current research to assess economic welfare. This index encompasses various dimensions that contribute to overall well-being, including:effective per capita consumption flow, net social accumulation of reserves and wealth-generating resources, economic inequality and economic insecurity. Each dimension is assigned weights in a specific manner, reflecting their relative importance. Consequently, the weights allocated to each dimension may vary across different observations. (Ozberg and Sharp, 2009). The general form of this index is as follows:
The value of the economic welfare index is measured by four components, which are consumption flow (CF), productive asset balance (WS), individual income distribution (ID), and economic security level (ES) (Bakhtiari et al., 2013). In this research, the base year of 2015 was used to validate the variables.
In the following, in order to investigate the effect of inflation of the total basket and different groups of goods on economic well-being, the autoregressive approach with distribution breaks (ARDL) has been used. First, the research model is specified with the aim of explaining the effect of inflation in the total basket of goods and services on economic welfare. Then, with the aim of analyzing the effect of inflation in different commodity groups, the research model will be presented. So in these two specifications of the IEWB research model, economic welfare is expressed as a dependent variable, which is calculated with the combined index of welfare. Inf inflation of the entire basket of goods and services, inflation for each of the 7 product groups [including 1. Health and treatment group (Health), 2. Clothing and footwear group (Cloth), 3. Furniture, accessories and Services used at home (Furniture), 4. Food, beverages and tobacco group (Food), 5. Recreation, education, hotel and restaurant group (ECERH), 6. Transportation and communication group (Transport) 7. Housing, fuel and lighting group, RGDPPC per capita real GDP, EG is economic growth.
Based on the above model, it is possible to test the effect of inflation in the mentioned 7 groups on the welfare of Iran's economy in the short ـ term and long ـ term situation.
Result and Discussion
In the material dimension of welfare, people should have a balanced life that includes employment and sufficient income to meet their basic needs. However, in many societies, includingIran, inflation and the instability of real purchasing power often pose challenges to people's ability to maintain material welfare. This can directly impact household consumption patterns and overall economic welfare. Therefore, understanding the effects of inflation on economic welfare is crucial. Considering the necessity of explaining the effect of inflation on economic welfare in Iran, in the present study, an attempt was made to analyze the effect of inflation of total goods and services and inflation of different groups of goods on economic welfare. For this purpose, while calculating the economic welfare with the composite index of welfare in the period of 1973 ـ 2022, the research model was estimated with the autoregression approach with distribution breaks. Our findings reveal a fluctuating trend in Iran's economic welfare during the study period. Following an initial increasing trend, economic welfare experienced a decreasing trend from 1976 until the end of the war. It increased again after the war, but decreased again in the post ـ war period.
The maximum value of the welfare index with the value of 69.6 belongs to the year 1354 and the lowest value of the welfare index with the value of 1.16 belongs to the year 1991. The results of the model estimation in 8 different estimations indicate the existence of a negative effect of inflation (total and basket of goods) on economic welfare. Based on this, the comparative results in the long term indicate that firstly, the inflation of all goods and services and the inflation of different commodity groups have an adverse effect on welfare. Second, among the 7 product groups, the inflation of the housing, fuel, and lighting group has had the most adverse effect on economic welfare. Also, due to the fact that the share and weight of the group of food, beverages, and tobacco in the consumption basket of households is larger than other groups, but the size of the inflation effect of this group of goods on welfare is in the fourth place. The increase in the inflation of the health and treatment group has the least adverse effect on economic welfare. Per capita income and economic growth also have a favorable effect on welfare, as expected.
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Volume 3, Issue 9 , July 2003, , Pages 161-190
Sayyed Mohammad Hoseini; Ramin Khochiany
Abstract
One of the most challenging issues in forecasting economic variables is the lack of sufficient data or the missing data in time series. In this paper, the time series of the GDP growth rate from 1980 to 2019 for 18 Middle East and North African countries is modeled via a generalized network ...
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One of the most challenging issues in forecasting economic variables is the lack of sufficient data or the missing data in time series. In this paper, the time series of the GDP growth rate from 1980 to 2019 for 18 Middle East and North African countries is modeled via a generalized network autoregressive model. Of the total observations, 13.42% were missed. In the proposed model, a random network is applied to the data for which nodes represent countries or related time series. Then, an autoregressive model of each node was constructed based on all the data of its multi-stage neighboring nodes. Some parameters of the model may depend on the node (local model) or can be considered the same for all network nodes (global model). The missing data are modeled by changing the weights of the network edges. Finally, the time series was predicted based on the constructed model. Because the network structure affects the model and ultimately the forecast, and on the other hand it is difficult to examine all possible networks, ten thousand un-directional random networks and 16 models including 8 local models and 8 global models on each network are considered. Out of 160,000 models, the network and the model with the least prediction error are selected as the best network and model that are used for the main prediction. The lowest in-sample predictive error was obtained at a local network, which has 64 edges and the number of corresponding model parameters is 4. Finally, the model is compared with the classical models such as AR and VAR. The results indicate the superiority of the proposed method in significantly reducing the prediction error over the AR and VAR models.
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Volume 4, Issue 13 , July 2004, , Pages 175-195
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Volume 1, Issue 1 , July 2001, , Pages 57-72
Mansour Zarra Nezhad; Sahar Motamedi
Volume 12, Issue 46 , October 2012, , Pages 101-116
Abstract
Considering the pivotal role of stock market in the process of economic development, this research focuses on the relationship between the variables of exchange rate, interest rate, oil price shock and overall price index of Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, we have applied three different methods ...
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Considering the pivotal role of stock market in the process of economic development, this research focuses on the relationship between the variables of exchange rate, interest rate, oil price shock and overall price index of Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, we have applied three different methods of Toda and Yamamoto causality test (1995), Granger vector error correction causality test (1987) and Pesaran, Shin and Smith’s (2001) Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The empirical findings show that there is a long-run relation between the variables of the stock price index, exchange rate, inflation rate, interest rate and oil price shock. Based on Toda and Yamamoto causality test, there is a one-way causality from variables of exchange rate, inflation rate and interest rate to stock price index, and from stock price index, exchange rate and interest rate to inflation rate, as well as from interest rate to exchange rate. The results of Granger vector error correction test showed that there is a short run causality from exchange rate, inflation rate and interest rate to stock price index and a long run causality from exchange rate, inflation rate, interest rate and oil price shock to stock price index.
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Volume 3, Issue 10 , January 2004, , Pages 109-130
Javad Rezaee; Mohammad Nadali; Javad Alizadeh
Volume 11, Issue 41 , July 2011, , Pages 111-135
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between productivity growth and
commerce sector growth during the period of 1981-2007 and examines empirically
the causal link between productivity growth and commerce sector growth in Iran
using unit root and co- integration techniques ...
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This study examines the relationship between productivity growth and
commerce sector growth during the period of 1981-2007 and examines empirically
the causal link between productivity growth and commerce sector growth in Iran
using unit root and co- integration techniques within a bi-variate vector auto–
regressive (bVAR) and Vector Error Correction (VEC) framework.
The results reveal a positive relationship between Productivity growth and
commerce sector growth for Iran with the direction of causation running from
productivity to commerce sector growth.
Majid Sameti; Hassan Karnameh Haghighi
Volume 13, Issue 48 , April 2013, , Pages 121-145
Abstract
This study aims primarily at investigating the impact of macroeconomic instability on lending behavior of banking sector in Iran using data on commercial banks and macroeconomic instability from 1974 to 2009. Our results under the Co-integration and Vector Error Correction Modeling framework show that ...
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This study aims primarily at investigating the impact of macroeconomic instability on lending behavior of banking sector in Iran using data on commercial banks and macroeconomic instability from 1974 to 2009. Our results under the Co-integration and Vector Error Correction Modeling framework show that bank lending has a long-run relationship with macroeconomic instability. In other words, the long-term increase in macroeconomic instability indicators would be associated with reduction in commercial bank lending. In addition, an increase in the natural logarithm of assets of commercial banks (as a proxy of bank size), have a significant effect on the lending behavior of commercial banks. The results also show that although the ratio of deposits to capital and lending behavior of commercial banks are interacted with each other in the long run, but in the short term the error of balance does not adjust itself. Simply saying, although the ratio of deposits to capital has a long-run effect on the lending behavior of commercial banks but it is not affected by lending behavior of commercial banks. In fact, the variable of deposits to capital ratio is weak exogenous when compared with other variables.
Mahmoud Mashhadi-ahmad
Volume 14, Issue 52 , April 2014, , Pages 122-87
Abstract
Veblen was one of the most famous founding fathers of institutionalism who, with his pioneering studies, revolutionized economics in all its intellectual and philosophical traditions of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. His scientific works were so influential that there are still a lot ...
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Veblen was one of the most famous founding fathers of institutionalism who, with his pioneering studies, revolutionized economics in all its intellectual and philosophical traditions of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. His scientific works were so influential that there are still a lot of endeavors to find out his viewpoints. Considering the unparalleled role of him in the development of institutional economics, this paper will specifically study different aspects of his ideas and thoughts. In fact, the important point is that what are the main theories and ideas of this great savant? What aspects of conventional economics were insufficient that encouraged him to build a school with the name of institutional economics? What was his methodological approach to economics? What kind of transformations this approach has created in the scope of economic knowledge? Veblen's unique vision makes such questions regarding his thoughts as considerable important ones. For, in the history of economic thought, his attack to epistemological and methodological foundations of conventional economics is one of the most serious ones. In this context, this paper will address the above questions, and scrutinize a few aspects of his important achievements and will represent some of the epistemological, methodological and theoretical innovations of his works.
Ali Hussein Samadi; Naghmeh Zare Haghighi
Volume 12, Issue 47 , January 2013, , Pages 123-152
Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to examine the causal relationship between government revenues and expenditures in Iran. We use an asymmetric error correction model within a Threshold Autoregressive (TAR) and Momentum Threshold Autoregressive (MTAR) framework during 1991-2010. Contrary to previous ...
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The main purpose of this paper is to examine the causal relationship between government revenues and expenditures in Iran. We use an asymmetric error correction model within a Threshold Autoregressive (TAR) and Momentum Threshold Autoregressive (MTAR) framework during 1991-2010. Contrary to previous studies on Iranian economy, the results show that synchronization hypothesis with asymmetric adjustment towards long run equilibrium is confirmed between government revenues and expenditures. The policy implication of the results is that the government should simultaneously rise revenues and decrease spending in order to control the budget deficits.
Ahmad Jafari Samimi; Mehdi Adibpour; Sara Nazar Alizadeh
Volume 12, Issue 45 , July 2012, , Pages 123-141
Abstract
NAIRU plays an important role in guiding monetary policy to control inflation and unemployment. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the so-called “Non- Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment” (NAIRU) in Iran. In this paper, different filters such as Kalman, Hodrick-Perescott and ...
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NAIRU plays an important role in guiding monetary policy to control inflation and unemployment. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the so-called “Non- Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment” (NAIRU) in Iran. In this paper, different filters such as Kalman, Hodrick-Perescott and Band-Pass have been used during 1348-1388 (1969-2009). Also, The NAIRU estimations under the above different filters were compared to the actual rate of unemployment. Our findings indicate that the Kalman filter is more consistent with the performance of the Iranian economy. The average NAIRU estimated under Kalman filter was about %10.8 during the period. Using suitable monetary policy can reduce the so-called unemployment gap measuring the deviation between NAIRU and the actual unemployment rate.
Hassan Ghalibaf Asl; Mohsen Sadeghi Batani
Volume 11, Issue 43 , January 2012, , Pages 129-142
Abstract
One of the new approach in finance literature is behavioral finance,
that describes behavior of investors and satisfies some of the
anomalies that effective market hypothesizes were not able to describe
it. One of the statement in behavioral finance paradigm is prospect
theory and disposition effect ...
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One of the new approach in finance literature is behavioral finance,
that describes behavior of investors and satisfies some of the
anomalies that effective market hypothesizes were not able to describe
it. One of the statement in behavioral finance paradigm is prospect
theory and disposition effect that replies the position of individual
during decision making. The disposition effect's base comes from
Kahneman and Tversky’s prospect theory, point to construction of the
reference points and replies that investors will decide according to
their intended reference points. According to this theory, investors are
more likely to close positions with gains than they are to close
positions with losses. So, individuals define gains and losses relative
to the reference point, and are risk-seeking when faced with loss
outcomes and risk-averse when faced with gain outcomes. The main
goal of this research is inspection of construction of reference point on
max and min of stock price of 52 weeks prior reference point and it's
effect on volume. Results of research represent with increasing of
stock price in compared as max price of 52 weeks prior to reference,
volume increases. While with decreasing of stock price from min
price of 52 weeks prior, volume approximately remain the same.
Mir Taher Poor Partovi; Davod Danesh Jafari; Asadollah Jalalabadi
Volume 9, Issue 35 , January 2010, , Pages 129-154
Abstract
Efficiency, optimal allocation of sources depends on competitive performance of markets. To establish competitive markets, maintain and increase efficiency, it is necessary to exist different issues including complete definition of legal ownership, reduction of conventional and exchange costs, facilitating ...
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Efficiency, optimal allocation of sources depends on competitive performance of markets. To establish competitive markets, maintain and increase efficiency, it is necessary to exist different issues including complete definition of legal ownership, reduction of conventional and exchange costs, facilitating the flow of information among producers and consumers in the markets and also existence of facilitator rules concerning competition and anti-monopoly.
In this research, we have collected the statistics of big industrial working places in 2007 and computed the concentration and monopoly indexes for 130 industries by using Hrefindhal – Hirshman and share of better firms indexes. In addition, we have evaluated the role of private and public companies in increasing and reducing the monopoly, and the effective factors in creating & sustaining of monopolies. Results from the research indicates the considerable concentration in Iran’s including in public & private sectors.
The most important reason to establish monopolies in the country, either in public or private sectors, is creating input obstacles through laws and regulations.
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Volume 1, Issue 3 , January 2002, , Pages 129-138
Reza Raei; Aboozar Soroush
Volume 12, Issue 44 , April 2012, , Pages 131-145
Abstract
Defaulted loans are biggest challenges in Iranian bank system. One of the major reasons for this phenomenon is the lack of validate scoring systems for loan payment in the banks. The banks can predict default risks of the borrowers, by using these systems.
However, a data base has been established for ...
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Defaulted loans are biggest challenges in Iranian bank system. One of the major reasons for this phenomenon is the lack of validate scoring systems for loan payment in the banks. The banks can predict default risks of the borrowers, by using these systems.
However, a data base has been established for gathering borrowers' information and providing validates reports in previous years, but, there are defects to use these reports in the bank system comprehensively.
This research aims to design a practical validate scoring model.
We have used the information 290 legal (small and medium size) borrowers in three banks. The results show the suggested model is significant. In addition, the model was tested on the basis the information of another sample of 40 legal borrowers; the results confirmed the before ones.
Syamak Mashayekhi; Mehrdad Hajizadeh Fallah
Volume 11, Issue 40 , April 2011, , Pages 131-154
Abstract
Abstract
The poultry industry is very important in Iran in comparison with other animal husbandry industries for its technical, economic and hygienic aspects. Despite the attempts made by the government to support this industry, still its products ...
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Abstract
The poultry industry is very important in Iran in comparison with other animal husbandry industries for its technical, economic and hygienic aspects. Despite the attempts made by the government to support this industry, still its products is not confidentially sufficient for growing domestic demands. Among the various factors, which influence the poultry industry, the preparation and relevant pricing of feed inputs are very critical issues.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the short-run and long-run of the effective factors in chicken meat market in Iran during The monthly data of 1993-2010 using Johansen-Juselius technique and VEC mechanism. The results showed that the price of poultry feed inputs have positive effects on price of chicken meat in both short-run and long run period. The results also indicated the high adjustment speed in the model, which reveals that chicken meat market could be regulated in the short-run period by appropriate policies.
Ghahreman Abdoli
Volume 9, Issue 34 , October 2009, , Pages 135-156
Abstract
This paper estimates a social discount Rate for Iran for the purpose of economic evaluation of investment projects such as those aimed at improving the nation's welfare. The component parameters of this rate are, the growth rate of per capital consumption in real term, the elasticity of the marginal ...
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This paper estimates a social discount Rate for Iran for the purpose of economic evaluation of investment projects such as those aimed at improving the nation's welfare. The component parameters of this rate are, the growth rate of per capital consumption in real term, the elasticity of the marginal utility of consumption and mortality-based discount rate. Based upon time series data the overall figure out of be %7.2, that appears to be reasonable and thus may be used in cost-benefit analysis in the country.
