Farshad Mo’meni; Farzaneh Samadian
Volume 13, Issue 50 , October 2013, , Pages 17-62
Abstract
This paper reviews the effects of institutions quality on the mechanisms that influence the turning of the blessing of oil resource revenues into a curse for Iranian economy and during 1973-2011. The main research question is that in a situation characterized by inefficient and malfunctioning institutions, ...
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This paper reviews the effects of institutions quality on the mechanisms that influence the turning of the blessing of oil resource revenues into a curse for Iranian economy and during 1973-2011. The main research question is that in a situation characterized by inefficient and malfunctioning institutions, the injection of oil revenue into the economy, how and through which channels, will cause resource curse to happen. This paper also shows that natural resources, like oil, don't lead to disasters per se; but this is the institutional-structural framework in a country and its interaction with the rents of oil revenues that can lead to the curse of natural resources. This study is a descriptive analysis and the analysis has been carried out by using Institutionalism Approach. According to the findings of this research, the negative effects of oil revenues in Iranian economy caused by inefficient and malfunctioning infrastructures and institutions, lead to short-run and long-run decrease in economic growth and resource curse finally. In Iran, oil revenue shows its immediate effect through fiscal policy and the government's budget (oil price effect on government expenditure) and then through budget deficit, it is related to the monetary sector of the economy (great impact of oil price on liquidity).So volatility of oil revenues and the rigidity of the government budget compared with the oil revenues is one of the main channels which the resource curse have been developed in Iran and caused to liquidity growth and inflation. It has important consequences such as increasing imports, decreasing non-oil export and increasing share of value added of services sector in GDP; the increase in the share of value added of services sector in GDP is such that the service sector (mainly brokerage and intermediary services) exceeds more than 50% of Iran's GDP.
Ali Hussein Samadi; Naghmeh Zare Haghighi
Volume 12, Issue 47 , January 2013, , Pages 123-152
Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to examine the causal relationship between government revenues and expenditures in Iran. We use an asymmetric error correction model within a Threshold Autoregressive (TAR) and Momentum Threshold Autoregressive (MTAR) framework during 1991-2010. Contrary to previous ...
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The main purpose of this paper is to examine the causal relationship between government revenues and expenditures in Iran. We use an asymmetric error correction model within a Threshold Autoregressive (TAR) and Momentum Threshold Autoregressive (MTAR) framework during 1991-2010. Contrary to previous studies on Iranian economy, the results show that synchronization hypothesis with asymmetric adjustment towards long run equilibrium is confirmed between government revenues and expenditures. The policy implication of the results is that the government should simultaneously rise revenues and decrease spending in order to control the budget deficits.
