Mahmoud Motavaseli; Farshad Momeni; rozita Lajevardi; mohamad majid ranjbar
Abstract
Many years have passed since the adoption of planning mechanism in the development process of Iran. However, Iran has been failed to achieve this goal. The investigation of different levels of decision making in Iran shows that two factors are among the main reasons that lead the planning structure of ...
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Many years have passed since the adoption of planning mechanism in the development process of Iran. However, Iran has been failed to achieve this goal. The investigation of different levels of decision making in Iran shows that two factors are among the main reasons that lead the planning structure of Iran to be interwoven with a circle of underdevelopment. These two factors are lack of attention to the element of goal orientation, which means lack of proper understanding of concept of development in the planning process, and ignoring the element of rationality, which means not paying attention to the nature of man, his way of thinking and the collective identity of his decisions and actions. In this study, we have used the theoretical foundations of Goulet's classification of rationality and two criteria of coordination and commitment in the implementation of programs to study the interaction between rationality of different planning groups. Then, we have represented some experiences of decision-making in Iran to identify the dominant rationality in planning system of Iran. Our findings show that decision-making priorities in Iran have been derived from a reductionist interaction rather than an efficient interaction between rationalities and it was political rationality that dominated at various levels of decision-making.
Yadollah Dadgar; Naser Elahi; Akbar n Keshavarzia
Abstract
In third millennium AD and after 9/11 attacks, financial crisis of 2007, the spread of terrorism, etc., financial and banking regulations have been much stricter around the world. In this era, due to political, economic and legal events, banking rules and regulations have been much faded in Iran. Supervision ...
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In third millennium AD and after 9/11 attacks, financial crisis of 2007, the spread of terrorism, etc., financial and banking regulations have been much stricter around the world. In this era, due to political, economic and legal events, banking rules and regulations have been much faded in Iran. Supervision of financial and banking authorities has been also much lessened in Iran and observance of financial standards has been neglected. Creating interaction and cooperation between usury-free banking system of Iran and international banking system needs a focus on common and mutually-accepted points in the form of proposed standards based on rationalism and ethics. The main objective of present research is to introduce and specify the proposed standards and make comparison between them to render solutions for interaction and expansion of cooperation between Iranian banking system and conventional banking system around the world. The main indices of rationalism and ethics in usury-free banking that are in accordance with conventional banking system and the only difference is the observance of Sharia criteria on these indices include: rules and regulations (internal and international regulations and observance of financial and international indices), beneficiaries’ rights (shareholders, customers, staff and related institutions) and social responsibilities (environment, social welfare, growth, promotion and employment). Financial crisis of 2007 in developed countries including United States of America, members of OECD and EURO region created shocks in economic growth, GDP, interest rate, unemployment rate, ratio of capital to assets of the banking system and the rate of stock price growth and all these factors resulted in making financial and banking regulations stricter in international banking.
