Somayeh Shahhosseini; Ali Faridzad; Ali Faridzad
Abstract
Some researchers consider trade liberalization as a factor for increasing the quality of the environment. However, others argue that trade liberalization leads to some countries specialize in the production of pollution-intensive, energy-intensive or capital-intensive goods and therefore the quality ...
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Some researchers consider trade liberalization as a factor for increasing the quality of the environment. However, others argue that trade liberalization leads to some countries specialize in the production of pollution-intensive, energy-intensive or capital-intensive goods and therefore the quality of the environment is reduced. Since theory offers grounds for both positive and negative relationship between trade and the environment, the issue must be settled through empirical analysis. In this context, the main question here is how international trade affects quality of environment in oil exporting countries? For this purpose, in the form of composition, scale and technical effects, we construct a panel data analysis to identify the relationship between international trade and carbon emission of selected oil exporting countries during 1990–2011. Our results suggest that there is positive relationship between trade openness and carbon emission and thus, pollution heaven hypothesis for these countries is not rejected. Also, the relationship between per capita output and carbon emission is N-shape and scale effect is negative. Furthermore, increasing comparative advantage and foreign direct investment leads to a reduction in oil exporting countries’ carbon emissions; which respectively indicate scale and technical effects of the international trade to be negative.
Mahdi Taghavi; Nilufar Hosein Tash
Volume 11, Issue 42 , October 2011, , Pages 187-212
Abstract
One way to expand the trade flows of Iran is investigation and testing of the
new international trade patterns about Iran
!
s trade. So, analysing of gravity model
as the most applicable model of trade is useful .Gravity type models have often
been used to analyse trade flows based on the economic ...
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One way to expand the trade flows of Iran is investigation and testing of the
new international trade patterns about Iran
!
s trade. So, analysing of gravity model
as the most applicable model of trade is useful .Gravity type models have often
been used to analyse trade flows based on the economic sizes of (often using GDP
measurements) and distance between countries and trade blocks. In this paper, we
test the gravity equation for analysing of Iran
!
s export to 12 oil exporting countries.
Result shows that Iran
!
s export to developed oil exporting countries like UK and
Norway is according to the both factors of gravity model, contain GDP and
distance. Also, these results are significant with other oil exporting (developing)
countries. Although some countries like United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia,
Libya, Nigeria are exception. In fact, existing factors in gravity model (GDP and
distance) have no effect on determination of Iran
